What was hindu urdu controversy
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Answer:
Explanation:
The Hindi–Urdu controversy arose in 19th century colonial India out of the debate over whether the Hindi or Urdu languages should be chosen as a national language. Hindi and Urdu are generally understood in linguistic terms as two forms or dialects of a single language, Hindustani (or Hindi-Urdu), that are written in two different scripts: Devanagari (for Hindi) and a modified Perso-Arabic script (for Urdu).
Both Modern Standard Hindi and Modern Standard Urdu are literary forms of the Dehlavi dialect of Hindustani.[1] A Persianized variant of Hindustani began to take shape during the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 AD) and Mughal Empire (1526–1858 AD) in South Asia.[1] Known as Dakkani in southern India, and by names such as Hindi, Hindavi, and Hindustani in northern India and elsewhere, it emerged as a lingua franca across much of India and was written in several scripts including Perso-Arabic, Devanagari, Kaithi, and Gurmukhi.[2]
The Perso-Arabic script form of this language underwent a standardization process and further Persianization in the late Mughal period (18th century) and came to be known as Urdu, a name derived from the Turkic word ordu (army) or orda and is said to have arisen as the "language of the camp", or "Zaban-i-Ordu", or in the local "Lashkari Zaban".[3] As a literary language, Urdu took shape in courtly, elite settings. Along with English, it became the first official language of British India in 1850.[4][5]
Hindi as a standardized literary register of the Delhi dialect arose later; the Braj dialect was the dominant literary language in the Devanagari script up until and through the nineteenth century. Efforts to promote a Devanagari version of the Delhi dialect under the name of Hindi gained pace around 1880 as an effort to displace Urdu's official position.
The last few decades of the nineteenth century witnessed the eruption of the Hindi–Urdu controversy in the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh, then known as "the North-Western Provinces and Oudh"). The controversy comprised "Hindi" and "Urdu" protagonists each advocating the official use of Hindustani with the Devanagari script or with the Nastaʿlīq script, respectively. Hindi movements advocating the growth of and official status for Devanagari were established in Northern India. Babu Shiva Prasad and Madan Mohan Malaviya were notable early proponents of this movement. This, consequently, led to the development of Urdu movements defending Urdu's official status; Syed Ahmed Khan was one of its noted advocates.