Question

what was jallianwalla bagh trajidity?

Answer 1

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Indians, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar,Punjab. The civilians had assembled to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal andSaifuddin Kitchlew. There has been much debate over whether the crowd knew of the proclamation Dyer had made banning meetings, in its supposed inefficacy, however, Raja Ram has argued that the crowd formed in deliberate defiance, being the beginning of Indian nationalism.

The Jallianwalla Bagh is a public garden of 6 to 7 acres (28,000 m2), walled on all sides, with five entrances.[3] To enter, troops first blocked the entry by a tank and locked the exit. On Dyer's orders, his troops fired on the crowd for ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee. The British Government released figures stating 379 dead and 1,200 wounded.[1][4] Other sources place the number of dead at well over 1,000.[5]This "brutality stunned the entire nation",[6] resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general public in the intentions of the UK.[7] The ineffective inquiry and the initial accolades for Dyer by the House of Lords fuelled widespread anger, leading to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.[8]

On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and he banned all meetings; however this notice was not widely disseminated. That was the day of Baisakhi, the mainSikh festival, and many villagers had gathered in the Bagh. On hearing that a meeting had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with Sikh, Gurkha, Baluchi, Rajput troops from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles[9] to a raised bank and ordered them to shoot at the crowd. Dyer continued the firing for about ten minutes, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted. Dyer stated that 1,650 rounds had been fired, a number apparently derived by counting empty cartridge cases picked up by the troops.[10] Official British Indian sources gave a figure of 379 identified dead,[4]with approximately 1,100 wounded. The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 injured, with approximately 1,000 dead.[5]

Answer 2

a. Against the Rowlatt Act rallies were organized,

the railway workshop workers went on strike

and the shops were closed down. The British

administration got alarmed and were scared about

the disruption of the communication lines such

as the railways and the telegraph. To suppress

the nationalists the British administration picked

up the local leaders and barred Gandhiji from

entering Delhi. On 10th April 1919, the police

opened fire in Amritsar on a peaceful procession

and Martial law was imposed.

b. On 13th April 1919, huge crowd had gathered in

the Jallianwalla Bagh. The crowd had two different

objectives. Some of them gathered to protest

the new repressive measures of the government

whereas others gathered to attend the annual

Baisakhi fair. Those who came from outside city

were not aware of the martial law. General Dyer

entered in the ground, closed the exit points and

opened fire in which hundreds of innocent people

were killed. This was basically done to create a

feeling of terror in the minds of Satyagrahis.

c. This infamous incident resulted in strikes, clashes

with the police and the government buildings were

attacked. This reaction of Indians was brutally

suppressed by the government as the Satyagrahis

were forced to rub their nose on the ground, crawl on streets and do salute to all the Sahibs, people

were beaten up and villages were bombed.