What was justice party?
a. A party formed by non-Brahmins who felt that entering the council was
one way of gaining some power,
b. protest by which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office
c. Social groups that participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
d. Social groups that didn't participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement,
Answers
Answer:
The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. It was established on November 20, 1916 in Victoria Memorial Hall in Madras by Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar and co-founded by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th century, mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate Brahminical representation in government jobs. The Justice Party's foundation marked the culmination of several efforts to establish an organisation to represent the non-Brahmins in Madras and is seen as the start of the Dravidian Movement.[2][3][4]
Justice Party
Leader
C. Natesa Mudaliar
President
Theagaroya Chetty
Raja of Panagal
B. Munuswamy Naidu
Raja of Bobbili
E. V. Ramasamy
P. T. Rajan
General Secretary
Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar [1]
Founder
C. Natesa Mudaliar
T. M. Nair
Theagaroya Chetty
Founded
1917
Dissolved
27 August 1944
Preceded by
Madras Dravidian Association
Succeeded by
Dravidar Kazhagam
Headquarters
Madras
Newspaper
Justice
Dravidian
Andhra Prakasika
Ideology
Socialism
Anti-Brahminism
Politics of India
Political parties
Elections
During its early years, the party was involved in petitioning the imperial administrative bodies and British politicians demanding more representation for non-Brahmins in government. When a diarchial system of administration was established due to the 1919 Montagu–Chelmsford reforms, the Justice Party took part in presidential governance. In 1920, it won the first direct elections in the presidency and formed the government. For the next seventeen years, it formed four out of the five ministries and was in power for thirteen years. It was the main political alternative to the nationalist Indian National Congress in Madras. After it lost to the Congress in the 1937 election, it never recovered. It came under the leadership of Periyar E. V. Ramaswamy and his Self-Respect Movement. In 1944, Periyar transformed the Justice Party into the social organisation Dravidar Kazhagam and withdrew it from electoral politics. A rebel faction that called itself the original Justice Party, survived to contest one final election, in 1952.
The Justice Party was isolated in contemporary Indian politics by its many controversial activities. It opposed Brahmins in civil service and politics, and this anti-Brahmin attitude shaped many of its ideas and policies. It opposed Annie Besant and her Home rule movement, because it believed home rule would benefit the Brahmins. The party also campaigned against the non-cooperation movement in the presidency. It was at odds with M. K. Gandhi, primarily due to his praise for Brahminism. Its mistrust of the "Brahmin–dominated" Congress led it to adopt a hostile stance toward the Indian independence movement. The Justice Party's period in power is remembered for the introduction of caste-based reservations, and educational and religious reform. In opposition it is remembered for participating in the anti-Hindi agitations of 1937–40. The party had a role in creation of Andhra and Annamalai universities and for developing the area around present-day Theagaroya Nagar in Madras city. The Justice Party and the Dravidar Kazhagam are the ideological predecessors of present-day Dravidian parties like the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, which have ruled Tamil Nadu (one of the successor states to Madras Presidency) continuously since 1967.