Question

what was the basic principle of marxist theory?

Answer 1

The emancipation of the workers must be the task of the workers themselves.” This is principle is inherent to real Marxism, which implies democracy andself-emancipation; it also means thatdemocracy is the indispensable foundation for a new society (called socialism or communism).

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Answer 2

The basic principles of Marxist theory are

1. Historical Materialism: In the materialist interpretation of history, all changes in society including the evolution of social institutions and the norms of human behaviour are attributed to the underlying economic conditions of society. In this view, the society's basic mode of production, which includes the technology available for production, forms the base of society. On this base is constructed the superstructure of different social and political institutions.  

2. Criticism of capitalism: Marxist theory severely criticises capitalism as an exploitative economic system. In this view, all value in a capitalist economy is created by labour. But most of the value created is expropriated by capitalists leaving just enough for bare survival of the workers. Capitalists are able to do so simply because they own the means of production. Marxist theory views this system of production based on private ownership of property as inherently exploitative.

3. Social Classes: Marxist theory divides society into social classes who are inherently in competition with each other. In a capitalist society, the two main social classes are the capitalists (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat). Due to the exploitative nature of the relationship of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, the two classes have an antagonistic relationship.

4. Revolution, Socialism and Communism: Marxist theory predicts that ultimately, the exploitation of the proletariat will cause them to rise in revolution against the bourgeoisie. Once the revolution succeeds, capitalism will be abolished. It will be replaced by a socialist society where the working class, through the state, will control the means of production. Eventually, socialism will give away to a classless society characterised by Communism. In such a society, according to Marxist theory, there will be no social conflict and every person will work for a greater common good.