what was the extent of thr tsunami of 26 December 2004
Answers
Answer:
The Indian Ocean tsunami traveled as far as 3,000 miles to Africa and still arrived with sufficient force to kill people and destroy property. 9.0 was the measure of the tsunami on Richter scale.
Explanation:
The intensity of a tsunami index: Tsunami ... is the Mediterranean at risk? The tsunami of 17 July 2006
The tsunami of 26 December 2004
The cause of the tsunami in Sumatra on 26 December 2004 which affected the entire Indian Ocean was a very violent earthquake of magnitude 9.3 on the Richter scale. It was the biggest earthquake ever recorded after the one in Chile on 22 May 1960, with a magnitude of 9.5. It originated at 00:58:53 GMT (7:58:53 AM local time), on a fault in a subduction area between the Indo-Australian plate and the Burma plate (which forms part of the larger Eurasian plate (see fig. 1), with the hypocenter at a depth of about 30 km, 160 km east of Sumatra. The coordinates of the epicentre are: latitude 3° 19' N and longitude 96° E (see green star indicating 2004 in fig. 1). As you can imagine, this a high-risk seismic area.
Fig. 1: Earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 5 from 1965 to 25 December 2004. From the earthquake catalogue of the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). The red arrows indicate the shift of the Indo-Australian plate towards the Eurasian plate.
(Credit: T. Lay et al., Science AAAS 308, 1127 -1133 (2005))
The size of a seaquake depends above all on the extent of the fault on which it occurs and the vertical shift of the sea bed. The fault in question is about 1200 km long (almost as long as Italy), and the shift of the fault varies on average between 5 and 10 metres.
The tsunami took different amounts of time to reach different countries. As we have already said, the speed increases in relation to the depth of the sea, so in deeper waters the wave travelled more quickly. The Tsunami Research Team at Bologna University has calculated how quickly the tsunami propagated (see fig. 2). Areas near the coast are coloured in blue (minimum speed) and areas of open sea are coloured in red (maximum speed) – obviously these latter correspond to the deepest areas of the Indian Ocean.
Fig. 2: Map showing how quickly the tsunami in the Indian Ocean spread. The areas with high speeds are in red, those with lower speeds are in blue.
(Credit: Tsunami Research Team, Physics Dept, University of Bologna)
We know that after 15-20 minutes the tsunami had already hit the northern part of the island of Sumatra, after one hour and a half it hit Thailand and after about two hours it had reached the coasts of India and Sri Lanka, causing a total of around 290,000 deaths (see fig. 3). As with all large-scale disasters, the final number of victims will never be known.
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