what was the ilbert bill cintoversy
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The famous Illbert Bill was introduced in 1883, by Lord Ripon, the then Viceroy of India, which was drafted by Sir C.P. Illbert and was named after Courtenay Illbert, the then legal adviser to the Council of India.
It proposed that an Indian Jidge can hereby try a European convict in various criminal cases changing the decade old provision of barring the Indial Civil Servants from doing so.
This came as a huge resentment among the British regimes as they knew the judges from India would be inclined towards the Indians and the European convicts who were being prosecuted under the crime committed against an Indian would be punished according to law.
The main resenters were the Indigo Farm owners in West Bengal region who were exploiting farmers and were forcing them to cultivate Indigo even though they did not want to do so.
At the same time, rumours began circulating that an English female was raped by an Indian in Calcutta. In reference to the Indian Rebillion of 1857, when it was alleged that English women and girls were raped by Indian sepoys, many British colonialists expressed great concern over the humiliation English females would have to face appearing before Indian judges in the case of rape.
The British press in India even spread wild rumours about how Indian judges would abuse their power to fill their harems with white English females. The propaganda that Indian judges cannot be trusted in dealing with cases involving English females helped raise considerable support against the bill.
John Beames, a long serving civil servant in India, stated "It is intensely distasteful and humiliating to all Europeans...it will tend seriously to impair the prestige of British rule in India...it conceals the elements of revolution which may ere long prove the ruin of the country".
English women who opposed the bill further argued that Bengali women, who they stereotyped as "ignorant", are neglected by their men, and that Bengali babu should therefore not be given the right to judge cases involving English women. Bengali women who supported the bill responded by claiming that they were more educated than the English women opposed to the bill, and pointed out that more India women had academic than British women did at the time, alluding to the fact that the University of Calcutta became one of the first universities to admit femalegraduates to its degree programmes in 1878, before any of the British universities had done the same.
At first, as a result of popular disapproval of the Ilbert Bill by a majority of English women, Viceroy Ripon (who had introduced the Bill) passed an amendment, whereby a jury of 50% Europeans was required if an Indian judge was to face a European on the dock.
Finally, a solution was adopted by way of compromise: jurisdiction to try Europeans would be conferred on European and Indian District Magistrates and Sessions Judges alike. However, a defendant would in all cases have the right to claim trial by a jury of which at least half the members must be European. The bill was then passed on 25 January 1884 as the Criminal Procedure Code Amendment Act 1884, coming into force on 1 May of that year.
This did not go well with the Indian lot who were now feeling let down upon by the British. It came down as a thunderstrike on the dreams of the early nationalists who were moderate in nature. This controversy is famously known to be the prelude to formation of the first recognizable political setup in the nation post colonial rule, the Indian National Congress and hence the struggle for freedom multiplied manifold.
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It proposed that an Indian Jidge can hereby try a European convict in various criminal cases changing the decade old provision of barring the Indial Civil Servants from doing so.
This came as a huge resentment among the British regimes as they knew the judges from India would be inclined towards the Indians and the European convicts who were being prosecuted under the crime committed against an Indian would be punished according to law.
The main resenters were the Indigo Farm owners in West Bengal region who were exploiting farmers and were forcing them to cultivate Indigo even though they did not want to do so.
At the same time, rumours began circulating that an English female was raped by an Indian in Calcutta. In reference to the Indian Rebillion of 1857, when it was alleged that English women and girls were raped by Indian sepoys, many British colonialists expressed great concern over the humiliation English females would have to face appearing before Indian judges in the case of rape.
The British press in India even spread wild rumours about how Indian judges would abuse their power to fill their harems with white English females. The propaganda that Indian judges cannot be trusted in dealing with cases involving English females helped raise considerable support against the bill.
John Beames, a long serving civil servant in India, stated "It is intensely distasteful and humiliating to all Europeans...it will tend seriously to impair the prestige of British rule in India...it conceals the elements of revolution which may ere long prove the ruin of the country".
English women who opposed the bill further argued that Bengali women, who they stereotyped as "ignorant", are neglected by their men, and that Bengali babu should therefore not be given the right to judge cases involving English women. Bengali women who supported the bill responded by claiming that they were more educated than the English women opposed to the bill, and pointed out that more India women had academic than British women did at the time, alluding to the fact that the University of Calcutta became one of the first universities to admit femalegraduates to its degree programmes in 1878, before any of the British universities had done the same.
At first, as a result of popular disapproval of the Ilbert Bill by a majority of English women, Viceroy Ripon (who had introduced the Bill) passed an amendment, whereby a jury of 50% Europeans was required if an Indian judge was to face a European on the dock.
Finally, a solution was adopted by way of compromise: jurisdiction to try Europeans would be conferred on European and Indian District Magistrates and Sessions Judges alike. However, a defendant would in all cases have the right to claim trial by a jury of which at least half the members must be European. The bill was then passed on 25 January 1884 as the Criminal Procedure Code Amendment Act 1884, coming into force on 1 May of that year.
This did not go well with the Indian lot who were now feeling let down upon by the British. It came down as a thunderstrike on the dreams of the early nationalists who were moderate in nature. This controversy is famously known to be the prelude to formation of the first recognizable political setup in the nation post colonial rule, the Indian National Congress and hence the struggle for freedom multiplied manifold.
Hope this helps!!
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Ilbert bill controversy
Viceroy Lord Ripon who succeeded Lord lytton introduced the ilbert bill. the bill permitted Indian judges to try Europeans in district level courts. the Europeans strongly opposed the bill thus clearly showing their racial arrogance.their protests ultimately caused the bill to be replaced by milder version in which European were to be tried by a jury consisting of Indians and Europeans .the Indians now felt the urgent need for an all India organisation to represent them.
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Viceroy Lord Ripon who succeeded Lord lytton introduced the ilbert bill. the bill permitted Indian judges to try Europeans in district level courts. the Europeans strongly opposed the bill thus clearly showing their racial arrogance.their protests ultimately caused the bill to be replaced by milder version in which European were to be tried by a jury consisting of Indians and Europeans .the Indians now felt the urgent need for an all India organisation to represent them.
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