What was the impact of early British
land revenue systems on villages in
North and South India?
Answers
Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act. It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi. Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.
The early British land revenue system had a great impact on both villages in North and South India. The mahalwari system was introduced in the North India in which the estimated revenue of each plot within a village or a Mahal was added to calculate the revenue that the Mahal had to pay. The demand was to be revised from time to time. Instant of the Zamindar the village headman was given the responsibility of collecting revenues and paying them to the company. Due to the high revenue demand large areas of land begin to pass into the hands of money lenders and merchants.
In Southern India the ryotwari system was introduced in 1820s. The system was directly depend on the cultivator to wear the owner of the land. They paid the revenue directly to the company officials. The ryots had to pay even when there crops were destroyed due to natural calamities such as flood and drought. Unable to pay high revenue many Ryots fled the country living several villages deserted.
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