what was the main purpose of experiment of ronald ross
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On 20 August 1897, in Secunderabad, Ross made his landmark discovery. While dissecting the stomach tissue of an anopheline mosquito fed four days previously on a malarious patient, he found the malaria parasite and went on to prove the role of Anophelesmosquitoes in the transmission of malaria parasites in humans.
He continued his research into malaria in India, using a more convenient experimental model, malaria in birds. By July 1898, he had demonstrated that mosquitoes could serve as intermediate hosts for bird malaria. After feeding mosquitoes on infected birds, he found that the malaria parasites could develop in the mosquitoes and migrate to the insects’ salivary glands, allowing the mosquitoes to infect other birds during subsequent blood meals.
In 1899 Ross resigned from the Indian Medical Service and returned to England. He worked for the newly established Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine , taking a post as lecturer and later becoming Professor of Tropical Medicine, and accepted a personal chair in Tropical Sanitation at Liverpool University. One of his first roles at the School was to investigate and devise anti-malaria schemes in West Africa. This was the first of many expeditions that Ross undertook to investigate and develop malaria control measures including visits to Ismailia in Egypt at the request of the Suez Canal Company in 1902, Panama in 1904, Greece in 1906, and Mauritius in 1907-1908.
In 1901 Ross was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and also a Fellow of the Royal Society, of which he became Vice-President from 1911 to 1913. In 1902 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine “for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it.” In 1902 he was appointed a Companion of the Most Honourable Order of Bath by His Majesty the King of Great Britain, and in 1911 he was elevated to the rank of Knight Commander of the same Order. He received an honorary M.D. degree in Stockholm at the centenary celebration of the Karolinska Institute in 1910 and was awarded honorary membership of many learned societies around the world throughout his career.
During the First World War (1914-1918), Ross was appointed a consultant physician on tropical diseases to Indian troops and was sent to Alexandria for four months to investigate an outbreak of dysentery that was hampering troops in the Dardanelles. In 1917 he was appointed a consultant physician to the War Office and in 1919 he received an honorary post as consultant to the Ministry of Pensions.
In 1926 the Ross Institute and Hospital for Tropical Diseases was opened on Putney Heath, London by the Prince of Wales as a memorial to and in recognition of Ross’ work. The main focus of the Institute was the study of the nature and treatment, propagation, and prevention of tropical diseases. Ross assumed the post of Director in Chief, which he held until his death in 1932. The Institute was incorporated into the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in 1934.