what was the major achievement in Paleolithic age Mesolithic age neolehtic and calcolithic age
Answers
Paleolithic Age
Early Paleolithic Age mainly spread in Western Europe and Africa and early human lived a nomadic lifestyle. No specific human group was the carrier of Early Paleolithic period, but many scholars believe that this era was a contribution of Neanderthal-like Paleoanthropic men (Third stage of hominid evolution). The early paleolithic age is also covers greater part of ice age.
In lower Paleolithic phase, the tools were mainly hand axes and cleavers with some flakes also. Tools used in Lower Paleolithic era were mainly cleavers, choppers, and hand axes. These tools were mainly used for cutting, digging, and skinning the prey. These tools were found from Belan Valley of Mirzapur (U.P.), Didwana in Rajasthan, Narmada Valley, and from Bhimbetka (near Bhopal, M.P.) These tool making techniques were based on direct percussion, indirect percussion and pressure application.
The Middle Paleolithic Age began around 150,000 BC and ended in 40,000 BC. It was during these years that the tools and weapons used became a bit more advanced. Homo Neanderthal is from this period. Tools were made from flakes which were thin pieces of stone that had been sheared away from material using a striking method, probably with another piece of stone. The lower Paleolithic cultures slowly transformed into the middle Palaeolithic by shedding some of the tool types; and by incorporating new forms and new techniques of making them. In comparison to the lower Palaeolithic era, the tools in middle Palaeolithic became smaller, thinner and lighter. The tools were made from quartzite, Flint, chert and Jasper stone. Middle Paleolithic-Hashmukh D Sankalia
Upper Paleolithic culture developed during the later part of the upper Pleistocene. The Upper Paleolithic period notices a further reduction in size and weight of tools. The tool types can be described as flakes and burins. The Upper Paleolithic period notices a further reduction in size and weight of tools. The use of bone tools formed an important feature of the Upper Paleolithic period, mainly in Europe. Painting and carving begins in this age. In India, these are only reported from the cave called Muchchatta Chintamani Gavi at Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh.
Mesolithic age
Mesolithic period in human cultural history is defined as the earliest Holocene culture that occurs before agriculture was started. The Mesolithic people lived on hunting, fishing and food- gathering. During the Mesolithic period, important large-scale changes took place on our planet. As the climate was getting warmer and the ice sheets were melting, some areas in the northern latitudes rose as they were being freed from the weight of the ice. In India during the Paleolithic Age, early humans lived in cave- like dwellings. By the Mesolithic Period, Indians were creating structures to express their religion and culture. Caves were still used as dwellings, but by the time the period was over, they had progressed into much more sophisticated constructions.
Tools are characterized by parallel-sided blades taken out from prepared cores of fine-materials as, crystal, chalcedony, jasper, carnelian, agate etc. and were generally one to five centimeters long. They were fitted into grooves in bone, wood and reed shafts and joined together by natural adhesives like gum and resin. These new technological elements led to enhanced efficiency in hunting, collection and processing of wild plant foods.
Neolithic Age
In Indian context, the Neolithic age dating between 8000 BC to 4000 BC is characterized by the cultivation of plants and domestication of animals. This period is considered as one of the significant cultural stages when man started producing food and shifted to production economy from their previous hunting-gathering stage.
The Neolithic Age saw the man turning into food producer from food gatherer. It also witnessed the use of pottery for the first time. People used microlithic blades in addition to tools made of polished stone. The use of metal was unknown. Human now could keep cattle, sheep and goats and protect crops from pests. Human transformed to food cultivator from hunting-gatherer. The Neolithic people did not live far away from the hilly areas. They habited mainly the hilly river valleys, rock shelters, and the slopes of the hills since they were entirely dependent on weapons and tools made from stone.
Chalcolithic age
Chalcolithic or Eneolithic, which means use of stone and well as copper was prevalent in this period. The end of Neolithic (8000BC-4000BC) period saw the start of chalcolithic culture. Indian Chalcolithic called as 'Age of Early Farmers', running from 3000 BC to 700 BC. The major crops which were cultivated were barley, wheat, lentil, bajra, jowar, ragi millets, green pea, and green and black grams. The people of Chalcolithic Age were expert coppersmiths, ivory carvers, lime makers, and terracotta artisans The presence of painted pottery is a hall mark of the Chalcolithic period.
Answer:
paleolithic Age
Early Paleolithic Age mainly spread in Western Europe and Africa and early human lived a nomadic lifestyle. No specific human group was the carrier of Early Paleolithic period, but many scholars believe that this era was a contribution of Neanderthal-like Paleoanthropic men (Third stage of hominid evolution). The early paleolithic age is also covers greater part of ice age.
In lower Paleolithic phase, the tools were mainly hand axes and cleavers with some flakes also. Tools used in Lower Paleolithic era were mainly cleavers, choppers, and hand axes. These tools were mainly used for cutting, digging, and skinning the prey. These tools were found from Belan Valley of Mirzapur (U.P.), Didwana in Rajasthan, Narmada Valley, and from Bhimbetka (near Bhopal, M.P.) These tool making techniques were based on direct percussion, indirect percussion and pressure application.
The Middle Paleolithic Age began around 150,000 BC and ended in 40,000 BC. It was during these years that the tools and weapons used became a bit more advanced. Homo Neanderthal is from this period. Tools were made from flakes which were thin pieces of stone that had been sheared away from material using a striking method, probably with another piece of stone. The lower Paleolithic cultures slowly transformed iChalcolithic age
Chalcolithic or Eneolithic, which means use of stone and well as copper was prevalent in this period. The end of Neolithic (8000BC-4000BC) period saw the start of chalcolithic culture. Indian Chalcolithic called as 'Age of Early Farmers', running from 3000 BC to 700 BC. The major crops which were cultivated were barley, wheat, lentil, bajra, jowar, ragi millets, green pea, and green and black grams. The people of Chalcolithic Age were expert coppersmiths, ivory carvers, lime makers, and terracotta artisans The presence of painted pottery is a hall mark of the Chalcolithic period.