What was the state of indian agriculture before 1947?
Answers
Indian agriculture began by 9000 BCE as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals.[2] Settled life soon followed with implements and techniques being developed for agriculture.[3][4] Double monsoons led to two harvests being reaped in one year.[5] Indian products soon reached the world via existing trading networks and foreign crops were introduced to India.[5][6] Plants and animals—considered essential to their survival by the Indians—came to be worshiped and venerated.[7]
The middle ages saw irrigation channels reach a new level of sophistication in India and Indian crops affecting the economies of other regions of the world. Land and water management systems were developed with an aim of providing uniform growth.[8][9] Despite some stagnation during the later modern era the independent Republic of India was able to develop a comprehensive agricultural programme.[10][11]
Feudalism and sub-feudalism prevailed widespread. In some instances, there were as common as 50 mediators within the peasants and the Government. Around 4/5th part of the produce or yields was obtained from the farmers as taxes, which results in the impoverishment of producers.
The was no focus on introducing the innovative techniques and there was also the existence of the practices such as Tinkathia system under which the indigenous farmers of Champaran( Bihar) were assaulted to grow 3 kathaa Indigo out of every 20 kathaa which is also known as Bigha of land.