What were the advantages and disadvantages of Ruby going to a white school? Use details.
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Answer:
"Tracking" in which white kids are disproportionately sent into "honors" tracks and children of color are sent into "special education."
Housing segregation, combined with neighborhood schools."
"White flight," in which middle class white families in diverse areas send their kids to private schools.
School funding based on district-level property tax base, with insufficient state and federal subsidies.
Socio-economic advantages/disadvantages beginning at birth and continuing through college admissions: high quality day care, pre-K, K-12, family support, money for tutors, test prep, music/dance/etc. lessons.
White racism that deprives children of the color of the confidence and opportunity to reach their potential. AND IN THE AGE OF TRUMP, YOU'D BETTER NOT TELL ME RACISM IS OVER AND DONE.
Cultural bias in standardized tests at every level, with or without test prep.
Connection networks -- connections with community leaders, prominent alumni (including parents and grandparents!).
Wealth disparities -- The ratio of median white to median black family wealth has been consistent at 10 to 1 for decades. According to a recent Brookings Institution Report, the most recent numbers from 2016 are $171,000 to $17,150. One can imagine that gap is even larger now. That's the difference between being able to make a down payment on a house or not, as well as so many other opportunities.
Higher Education costs have skyrocketed since the 1980s. When I started at Columbia University in 1982, full sticker price (including room, board, books, travel, miscellaneous expenses) was under $10,000 a year. That's the equivalent after adjusting for inflation of $26,577 in 2020, a figure roughly equivalent to full-time in-state tuition, fees, room and board, books and miscellaneous expenses at most public colleges and universities. And Columbia? Around $80,000 a year. So when I started college, the most expensive private colleges & universities were affordable to a typical middle class family with a combination of loans, income, savings, and student labor. Now? It's not even close. And while poor students used to be able to put themselves through public universities with part-time work during the school year and full-time work in the summers, that's no longer even close to being the case. Students without financial resources can go into 6-figure debt even attending public universities.
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