what were the advantages of the ise of mechanical harvesting machines in the USA?
Answers
Advantages:
The advantages of mechanical harvesting were:
(i) They allowed big farmers to rapidly clear large tracts, breakup the soil, remove the grass and prepare the ground for cultivation.
(ii) These machines reduced dependence on labour and increased efficiency. With power driven machinery four men could plough, seed and harvest 2,000 to 4,000 acres of wheat in a season.
(iii) The machines helped increase production by bringing virgin land under cultivation, to meet the growing demands of urban dwellers and the export market.
Disadvantages:
The disadvantages of mechanical harvesting were:
(i) For poor farmers machines brought misery. Machines reduced dependence on labour leading to unemployment. For many a poor it became difficult to find jobs.
(ii) Many farmers who bought machines on loans, thinking the boom would last, faced hard times once the boom ended by 1920s. They faced difficulty in paying back lo Some were driven to take the extreme step of abandoning farms.
(iii) Production had expanded so rapidly that during the post war years, when the export market collapsed and wheat prices fell farmers were left with large surpluses and overflowing store houses.
(iv) Extensive cultivation made feasible by machines resulted in the Great Agrarian, Depression of the 1930s, which ruined wheat farmers everywhere.
(v) In discretionary use of machines ruined the entire landscape resulting in ecological disbalance. Periods of plenty were followed by droughts. Ordinary dust storms became black blizzards. The American dream of land of plenty turned into a nightmare
Advantages:
1. It allowed big farmers to rapidly clear large tract, break the soil, remove the grass and prepare ground for cultivation.
2. These machines reduced dependence on labour and increase efficiency.
3. These machines helped to increase production.