what were the advantages that the framers had while framing the constitution of India? Give five points.
Answers
Framing of the Indian Constitution
THE HANS INDIA | Feb 06,2015 , 11:06 AM IST
A major portion of the Indian subcontinent was under British rule from 1857 to 1947. The impact of economic, political and social development during this period helped the gradual rise of the Indian independence movement.
With the emergence of Independence, there arose the need of a Constitution. The idea that India should have a Constitution was given by M N Roy, a pioneer of the communist movement in India. The founding fathers of the Indian Constitution borrowed from constitutions of several countries.
Nearly 75 per cent of the Indian Constitution can be said to be a reproduction of the Government of India Act- 1935 with suitable adaptations and modifications. The Constitution of India is drawn from many sources. Keeping in mind the needs and conditions of India, the framers of the Constitution of India borrowed different features freely from previous legislations.
Government of India Act 1858 After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British Government took direct control of territories formerly ruled by the English East India Company. To address the after effects of the 1857 revolt, the Act of 1858 was introduced.
This act abolished the East India Company and transferred its powers to the British crown that established a direct rule. S The Indian Civil Service was brought under the control of the Secretary of State. The Crown was empowered to appoint a Governor-General and the Governors of the Presidencies.
The Company's territories in India were vested with the Queen, with the Company ceasing to exercise its power and control over these territories. India was to be governed in the Queen's name. S All the property of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown.
The Crown also assumed the responsibilities of the Company as it related to treaties, contracts, and so forth. The Queen's Principal Secretary of State received the powers and duties of the Company's Court of Directors.
A council of fifteen members was appointed to assist the Secretary of State for India. The council became an advisory body in India affairs. For all communications between Britain and India, the Secretary of State became the real channel.
The double government was abolished. Indian Councils Act 1861 It was enacted by Parliament of the United Kingdom that transformed the Viceroy of India's executive council into a cabinet run on the portfolio system. This cabinet had six "ordinary members", each of who took charge of a separate department in Calcutta's government: home, revenue, military, law, finance, and (after 1874) public works. S Indians were involved in the lawmaking process.
For this purpose, the Viceroy nominated the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao. S The legislative powers were decentralised. S Legislative councils were established in Bengal, NWFP and Punjab in 1862, 1866 and 1897 respectively. S The portfolio system was introduced. S It empowered the Viceroy to issue ordinances with no concurrence of the legislative council throughout an emergency. The life of such an ordinance was six months.
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