What were the causes of revolt of 1857
Answers
1.)Economic causes
The peasants suffered due to high revenue demands and the strict revenue collection policy. Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap British manufactured goods into India which, in turn, made their hand-made goods uneconomical to produce. People who made a living by following religious and cultural pursuits lost their source of livelihood due to the withdrawal of royal patronage caused by the displacement of the old ruling classes.
2.)political causes
The British policy of territorial annexations led to the displacement of a large number of rulers and chiefs. The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered the ruling sections of the society. Rani Lakshmi Bai and Nana Sahib became bitter enemies of the British and led to the revolt in their respective territories.
3.)social causes
The social reforms introduced by the British were looked upon with suspicion by the conservative sections of the Indian society. Reforms such as abolition of ‘sati’, legalization of widow remarriage and extension of western education to women were looked upon as examples of interference in the social customs of the country. The social discrimination faced by the Indians due to the British attitude of racial superiority also led to much resentment. Educated Indians were denied promotions and appointments to high office. This turned them against the British
4.)religious causes
A major cause of the outbreak of the revolt was the fear among the people that the British government was determined to destroy their religion and convert Indians to Christianity. The increasing activities of the Christian missionaries and the actual conversions made by them were taken as a proof of this fear. The policy of taxing lands belonging to temples and mosques lent further support to this idea. The belief that their religion was under threat, united all sections of society against a common enemy.
5.) military causes
Indian soldiers formed seven-eighth of the total British troops in India. As they were an integral part of the Indian society, they too suffered the consequences of the oppressive British rule. Besides, they had other grievances. The Indian sepoys were looked upon as inferior beings and treated with contempt by their British officers. They were paid much less than the British soldiers. All avenues of the promotion were closed to them as all the higher army posts were reserved for the British.
6.) immediate causes
Discontent and resentment against British rule had been growing among the Indians for a long time. By AD 1857, the stage was set for a massive revolt. Only a spark was needed to set the country ablaze. That spark was provided by as small a thing as a rifle cartridge
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The causes of the revolt of 1857
Explanation:
The key causes that led to the revolt of 1857 includes:
1). Political reasons:
The last expansion of British territory in India took place during the reign of Dalhousie. When Dalhousie tried to apply the Doctrine of Lapse to Karauli (Rajasthan), his decision was nullified by the Court of Directors.
2). Social and Religious Reasons:
The British moved away from the policy of not interfering in the social-religious life of Indians and passed the Acts like the abolition of Sati (1829) and Hindu-widow remarriage (1856). Christian missionaries were allowed to enter India and preach religion. The traditional laws of Hindus were amended by the Religious Disability Act of 1950 AD. According to this act, any son, due to conversion, was allowed to Father's property will not be denied.
3). Economic reasons:
British rule ended rural self-sufficiency. The Commercialization of agriculture increased the burden on the peasantry. Apart from this, factors like adopting free trade policy, discouraging the establishment of industries and outflow of funds, etc. completely destroyed the economy.
4). Military reasons:
The spread of the British colony in India badly affected the job conditions of the soldiers. They were given appointments away from their homes without paying any additional allowances. Important reasons for military discontent were the General Service Enforcement Act, It was 1856, which made it mandatory for soldiers to cross the sea when needed. The free postal facility to the soldiers was also withdrawn by the Postal Office Act of 1954.
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