What were the causes of the French philosophers in the outbreak of the revolution of 1789?
Answers
(1. DEMAND for RIGHTS = The 18th century France witnessed the emergence of new social groups, 'the middle class' . The third estate was represented by this class and they wanted each member in the Estates General to have one vote. The king rejected the proposal. Member of third estate walked out of the assembly. The National Assembly became busy with drafting a new Constitution for France.
(2. PRICE RISE = A severe winter came and there was a bed harvest. The price of bread increased which was the staple food of common people. Sometimes, bakers exploited the situation and increased the prices by hoarding.
After spending long hours in queues, crowds of angry women raided the shops. At the same time, king Louis XVI ordered troops to move into Paris.
On 14th July, an angry crowd destroyed the fortress prison, the Bastille. In the countryside, peasants seized hoes and pitchforks and attacked chateaux. In this way, revolution spread all over France.
Question :-
Write about the three main french philosophers and their role in french revolution 1789
Answer :-
The role of philosophers in the French revolution are as follows :-
(1) During 18 th century , France had many revolutionary thinkers.Among them were Voltaire , Rousseau , Montesquieu and Dederot .Their revolutionary ideas helped the people to fight for their rights .
(2) They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and and his government.
(3)Voltaire's ideas encouraged people to fight against the privileges and finance of the Church without guilt.
(4) John Locke propounded the ideas refuting divinity and absolute rights of monarch.
(5) Montesquieu believed that all the powers should not be concentrated in one person's hand.
(6)Rousseau asserted the doctrine of democracy and popular sovereignty. He believed that the government should be based on the consent if the governed .He wrote a book known as " Social Contract" .
(7) Thus the ideas of the philosophers were a direct attack on privileges and feudal rights which protected the upper classes. They played a vital role in bringing about the revolution.
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