What were the causes of the tribal movements in the country in 19th century?
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Tribal movements are further subdivided into two categories along two main divisions of tribes based on the geographical region occupied.
(a) Non-frontier tribes constitute 89 per cent of the total tribal population. The non-frontier tribes were mainly confined to Central India, West-CentraI India and Andhra. Among the tribes that participated in the movements were Khonds, avara, Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Koya, Kol, Gond and Bhil. The uprisings of these tribes were quite volatile and constitute some of the major uprisings.
(b) Frontier tribes of the seven North-eastern frontier states of Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura. Tribals are located on the fringes of the mainstream society and constitute the lower stratum. Tribals, adivasis or aboriginals were usually the original inhabitants of vast tracts in western, central, southern eastern and north-eastern parts of the country. With the exception of the North-East, they had been reduced to a minority with the influx of outsiders and exposed to rapid changes. Barring a few, especially the frontier tribes, most tribes had some form of contact with the mainstream society.
(a) Non-frontier tribes constitute 89 per cent of the total tribal population. The non-frontier tribes were mainly confined to Central India, West-CentraI India and Andhra. Among the tribes that participated in the movements were Khonds, avara, Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Koya, Kol, Gond and Bhil. The uprisings of these tribes were quite volatile and constitute some of the major uprisings.
(b) Frontier tribes of the seven North-eastern frontier states of Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura. Tribals are located on the fringes of the mainstream society and constitute the lower stratum. Tribals, adivasis or aboriginals were usually the original inhabitants of vast tracts in western, central, southern eastern and north-eastern parts of the country. With the exception of the North-East, they had been reduced to a minority with the influx of outsiders and exposed to rapid changes. Barring a few, especially the frontier tribes, most tribes had some form of contact with the mainstream society.
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These are the movements which took place in the 19th and 20 century.The tribal people were used to living in the forests and ate what the forest offered then until the landlords and the Zamindars came and usurped their land and turned them into bonded laborers.
Why the tribal people revolted:
The feeling of being used and abused by the landlords, Zamindars, and petty government officials gave rise to the movements. In many parts of India, the revolts were organised by their respective leaders.
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