Question

What were the changes introduced in the judicial system after the advent of the British

Answer 1

The changes introduced in the judiciary with the advent of British were as:
1.Indian penal code was formulated by the British which forms the backbone of the criminal laws.
2.The Hindu and islamic laws were abolished in favour of British common law.

Answer 2

Explanation:

• According to the new system of justice, two courts, namely, a criminal court (faujdariadalat ) and a civil court ( diwaniadalat ) were established in each district. In addition to these, the SadarDiwaniAdalat (a court of appeal in civil cases) and SadarNizamatAdalat (a court of appeal in criminal cases) for revising and confirming sentences were established in Calcutta.

• The criminal courts remained in the hands of a qazi and a mufti who were supervised by the collector. The civil courts were presided over by the collector. The main job of the collector was to collect taxes, and maintain law and order in his district for which he could take the help of judges, police officers and darogas .

• In 1774, the Supreme Court was established in Calcutta under the Regulating Act of 1773. The foundation of the two notable developments in the fi eld of judicial administration– the codification of laws and the establishment of the High Court was laid during the administration of the Company.

• A Law Commission was constituted to codify all the Indian laws, thus the principle of the Rule of Law was introduced for the entire country irrespective of caste and creed thereby established the concept of equality before law. The Indian High Courts Act of 1861 authorisedestablishment of High Courts in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay by amalgamating the Supreme and Sadar Courts