what were the contribution of mazzini, garibaldi and cavour in italian unification? short ans type ques you plz ans quick fast
Answers
Answer:
In March 1861 Emmanuel II proclaimed the Italian nation with himself as king and Camillo Cavour as prime minister. Three of the key figures in the unification of Italy were Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour, who although all having different aims, ultimately contributed to the unification of Italy. In 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo, the great powers of Europe; Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain met in Vienna and regarded the changes that had been made to the Italian peninsula during French rule.
The Contributions of Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour in the Unification of Italy were as follows:
Mazzini:
At a young age of 24 in 1831, he was exiled for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
To further spread the revolutionary ideas, he founded two more underground societies- ‘Young Italy’ in Marseilles and ‘Young Europe’ in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states.
Following his example, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics scared the conservatives. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.
He wanted unification through a democratic revolution but his lofty ideals were not supported by the peasants and middle classes. As a result, he failed in his efforts but prepared the ground for others.
Mazzini believed that God had created nations to be the natural units of mankind. Thus, Italy cannot remain divided into various kingdoms. It has to be a single unified republic.
Many of his writings became classics in the literature of nationalism. Mazzini made two proposals: Without international support unification of Italy is difficult and Austria is a big hurdle in Italian unification.
In 1848, revolts were breaking out all over North Italy. Mazzini took advantage of the circumstances. So, he came to Rome and drove out the Pope. And established Republic in Rome.
Then he formed a committee of three- Triumvirs. Mazzini was one of these Triumvirs. But this young Republic was attacked on all sides: by the Austrians, Neapolitans and the French.
Mark me as the Brainliest I will be thankful to you
In March 1861 Emmanuel II proclaimed the Italian nation with himself as king land Camillo Cavour as prime minister. Three of the key figures in the unification of Italy were Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour, who although all having different aims, ultimately contributed to the unification of Italy.
In 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo, the great powers of Europe; Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain met in Vienna and regarded the changes that had been made to the Italian peninsula during French rule. They viewed the abolishment of the feudal taxes, the merging into less states, the new responsibility that the middle class had and the new feeling of Italian unity as dangerous. Therefore, so that dangerous ideas such as Liberalism and Nationalism didn’t spread and the Austrian multi-national empire was maintained the powers signed the Vienna settlement, removing French influence & constitutions and restoring the legitimate rulers. Many Italians were unhappy with this and called for a united Italy.
One Italian who’s idea it was to have a Liberal Italian republic was Giuseppe Mazzini. Although unsuccessful in his conspiracies, Mazzini succeeded in igniting a feeling of nationalism in the people of the Italian states. In Marseille 1831, Giuseppe Mazzini founded the “Young Italy” group. Through “Young Italy” and the thousands of articles, which Mazzini wrote, smuggled into Italy and published in young Italy's newspaper or elsewhere, Mazzini publicised his ideas of Liberalism and Nationalism. Mazzini fashioned the idea of a “free independent republican nation”. He reached the people and gave them a reason to revolt. In the 1820's people had very different aims, however Mazzini later managed to unite a majority of people under his aim. He is therefore seen as a key to Italian unification because as Denis Mack Smith says, Mazzini succeeded in “defining the goal and arousing enthusiasm among practiced soldiers and statesmen” who were important to his cause. Mazzini's contribution to unite Italy is not through revolts, which he also attempted such as in 1834 where he tried to invade Savoy from Switzerland; his contribution is that he fabricated the idea of a united Italy. Mazzini who, after 1830, was forced to live in exile became the ideological head of a nationalist movement. He also founded societies such as “Young Germany” or “Young Europe” through which his fame grew. As one of the supporters of the “Risorgimento” Mazzini saw his aim to be the creation of a liberal country. Therefore the poem by George Meredith quite rightly identifies Mazzini as the soul of the movement to unite Italy. He was the ideological leader and gave people a reason to fight for. Mazzini opposing constitutional monarchs was repaired to Milan in 1848 where he conducted the paper “L'Italia del Popolo“, where, when Charles Albert turned his back on the city, the inhabitants turned to Mazzini to become dictator. This shows that Mazzini’s contribution towards the unity of Italy was psychological, through his ideological ideas and the enthusiasm, which he ignited in the people. He managed to excite the people for a united liberal republic and gave them an aim. Mazzini was also important to the unification of Italy because he in a sense made Garibaldi, by Garibaldi joining “Young Italy” at the age of 15. Lastly Mazzini by founding “Young Italy” gave a stage to all those who wanted a unified Italy.