Question

❥ What were the contributions of Mesopotamia to this world?

❥ Explain with examples!

Be Brainly! :)​

Answer 1

$\bf\blue{QuestioN:-}$

❥ What were the contributions of Mesopotamia to this world?

❥ Explain with examples!

$\bf\purple{AnsweR:-}$

$\red\bigstar\pmb{Some\:Mesopotamian\:Contributions:-}$

Mesopotamia (a term of Greek origin meaning"between two rivers") was a region located in the Mediterranean,  between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers . Most important Mesopotamian contributions are cuneiform writing, the wheel, a primitive outbreak of equal rights and, perhaps the best known, the development of agriculture and livestock.  

$\large{\boxed{\bf{\bigstar{Examples\bigstar}}}$

$\green\pmb{1)\:Cuneiform\:Writing:-}$

• The word Cunieform is derived from the Latin words ' Cuenus' , meaning ' wedge' and form a meaning 'shape'.

$\boxed\bigstar\pink\bf\underline{Development\:of\:writing\:system}$

➠ The first Mesopotamian tablets, written around 3,200 BCE ,

     contained picture - like signs and numbers.

➠ There were about 5,000 lists of oxen , fish , bread , loaves , etc.

$\boxed\bigstar\pink\bf\underline{Need\:of\:writing}$

➠ Writing began when society needed to keep records of transactions .

➠ Transactions are essentials in cities involving many people

    and variety of goods.

$\boxed\bigstar\pink\bf\underline{Method\:of\:writing\:in\:Mesopotamia}$

Mesopotamians wrote on tablets of clay. A scribe would wet clay and pat it into a size he could hold comfortably in one hand. He would carefully smoothen its surface. With the sharp end of a reed ( stylus) , he would press wedge-shaped signs onto the smoothened surface while it was still moist. Once dried in the sun , the clay would harden and tablets would be almost as industructable as pottery.

$\green\pmb{2)\:Mesopotamia\:and\;its\:Geography:-}$

• Iraq is a land of diverse environment. Here agriculture began between 7,000 BCE and 6,000 BCE. In the north there is a stretch of upland called Steppy where animal hereding of people a better life than agriculture.

$\green\pmb{3)\:Significance\:of\:urbanisation:-}$

• Urban economies comprise food production , trade manufactures and services. There is a continous inter action among them. The division of labour is a marge of urban life. Further there must be an organisation in place. Organised trade and storage is needed. All societies have their own language, certain spoken sounds convey certain meaning. This is called Verbal languages.

$\green\pmb{4)\:Mesopotamian\:civilization:-}$

➠ Present Iraq was old Mesopotamia.

➠Known for its prosperity , city life and veluminous and rich literature

   and its mathematics and its astronomy.

➠Besides crafts, trade and serivices , efficient transport is also

   important for Urban Development.

➠First Mesopotamian tablets were written around 3,200 BCE.

➠ By 2,000 BCE letters became cueniform and language was Cuberian.

$\green\pmb{5)\:The\:legacy\:of\:writing:-}$

• Perhaps, the greatest legacy of Mesopotamian to the world. Its scholenly tradition of time recgning and mathematics. Dating around 1,800 BCE are with multiplication and division tables, square and square root tables of compound interest.

Happy Learning Dear !! ❤

Answer 2

$\pmb{QUESTION:-}$

❥ What were the contributions of Mesopotamia to this world?  

❥ Explain with examples!

$\pmb{ANSWER:-}$

Unlike most unified civilizations ( Egyptian And Greek), Mesopotamia was a collection of various cultures united by writing and by its attitude towards women and their gods.  

That is why, in speaking of Mesopotamia, instead of saying that it is"the Mesopotamian civilization", one should speak of a multicultural region or a region with several civilizations.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{The\:city:-}$

• The development of the cities began in the Copper Age (5900 BCE - 3200 BCE). This growth was remarkable in the region of Sumeria, where the cities of Eridu, Uruk, Ur, Kish, Nuzi, Nippur and Ngirsu were born.  

• The high level of development and systematization of agriculture (which included irrigation) allowed the growth of large centers and, once the cities were established, they were able to maintain their prosperity through trade.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{Cuneiform\:\:writing:-}$

• The cuneiform was the first written language and developed in Mesopotamia. This communication system was created by the Sumerians between the years 5000 a. C. and 4000 a. C.  

• This writing was done in clay; The characters used were a mixture of holes and small wedges, hence the name cuneiform, which means"wedge-shaped."  

• It is believed that writing was invented because of the trade, which generated the need to communicate at a distance and to keep a record of the commercial transactions that a city made.  

• Cuneiform writing was so influential that it spread through the civilizations of the time and even after the fall of Sumer was continued using.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{The\:\: wheel:-}$

• The invention of the wheel is attributed to the Mesopotamians. In 1922, the archaeologist Sir Leonard Wooley discovered the remains of two wagons of four wheels in what previously was the city of Ur; These are the oldest vehicles that have been found so far.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{Agriculture\:\: and\:\; livestock:-}$

• The conditions of the lands between the two rivers allowed the peoples, who were formerly nomadic, to settle and live on agriculture (favored by the fertility of the land) and livestock. This is why Mesopotamia was primarily a Agrarian society .  

• As far as the cattle ranch, in Mesopotamia the domestication of the animals was practiced, which favored its sedentarismo.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{Equal\:\: rights:-}$

• Between women and men, there was equal rights. Women could own the land, divorce, own their own business and be traders.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{Irrigation:-}$

• The irrigation system was invented in Mesopotamia to be able to transfer water from the north to the south, since the latter was an extremely arid region and there were not enough rains that allowed the development of agriculture.  

• In this sense, the first irrigation systems consisted of trenches or channels that allowed the flow of a water source (a river, for example) to crops.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{Legacy\:of\:Mesopotamia:-}$

• The legacy of Mesopotamia can be observed in the most basic aspects of modern life. For example, the fact that the hours last 60 minutes and that the minutes last 60 seconds is a Mesopotamian legacy. Helen Chapin Metz points out the Sumerians believed that each god was represented by a number.  

• The number 60 was used to represent the god An and for this was used as the basic unit to calculate the time.

$\red\tt\bigstar\underline{The\:Ziggurats:-}$

• The ziggurats were huge temples built in Mesopotamia, specifically in Sumeria, in honor of their gods.  

• These presented different levels that could be accessed through a ladder. At the top of the building, the Sumerian priests left offerings (food and precious objects) for their gods.

These are the contributions of Mesopotamia to this world. Some extra information had added other than from 11th NCERT text books. Kindly see the answer in Brainly.in .  

[❤:request:❤]

Stay Safe Please! :)