what were the contributions of raja rammohun roy as a social reformer ? give atleast 5 big points
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Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a great social reformer. He modernized Indian society in many ways.
His reforms have been discussed below:
Abolition of Sati:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy raised his voice against the Sati system. In the funeral pyre of the deceased husband, his wife was mercilessly thrown if she did not enter into the flame voluntarily. She was termed as Sati. The Brahmins and other higher castes in the society encouraged it.
Ram Mohan protested it vehemently. Even he went to England to give witness before the Privy Council against this cruel practice where the orthodox Indians had appealed hot to repeal his system. His efforts bore fruits and this practice was stopped by an Act passed in 1829 during Lord William Bentinck. Thus, a long prevailing ugly practice of the Hindus was uprooted.
Voice against idolatry:
Ram Mohan raised his voice against idolatry. In his book Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin’ he championed the cause of Monotheism. He criticized idol-worship by the Hindus. He also opposed the principle of Trinitariasm’ (God, Son Jesus and the holy spirit) of the Christianity. He rejected polytheism, idol-worship and rituals of different religions. He advocated monotheism or unity among gods. He also advised people to be guided by the conscience. He inspired men to cultivate rationality. To all he appealed to observe the principle of unity of God.
In his words—
“I travelled in the remotest parts of the world. And I found the inhabitants there of agreeing generally in believing in the existence of one being who is the source of creation and the Governor of it.”
Further, he formed ‘Atmiya Sabha’ to carry on discussions among scholars on religion and philosophy. When the Christian missionaries criticized him, he silenced them by writing a pamphlet- ‘An appeal to the Christian public in defence of the precepts of Jesus’.
Champion of Women Liberty:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated the liberty of Women. He was determined to give women her proper place in the society. Besides abolishing Sati, he advocated in favor of widow remarriage. He also told that like the sons, daughters have also their right over parental property. He also influenced the British government to bring necessary modification in the existing law. He raised voice against child-marriage and polygamy. He was the advocate of women education. Thus, he advocated women’s liberty out and out and awakened them.
Opposition to Caste System:
The caste system was a very ugly practice prevailing in Indian society right from the later Vedic age. Indian society was fragmented by the name of different castes. The higher castes like Brahmins and Kshatriyas looked down upon the Sudras, Chandalas and other aboriginals. Ram Mohan opposed this ugly system of the Indian society. To him everybody was a son or daughter of the God. So, there is no difference among men.
There should not exist hatred and animosity among them. Everybody is equal before God. Thus, ignoring differences among themselves they should embrace each other ignoring differences. Then, the true purpose of God will be materialized. By advocating this equality among men. Ram Mohan became the eyesore of many higher caste Indians.
Father of Indian Journalism:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the ‘Father of Indian Journalism’. He believed in the freedom of press. He edited a newspaper in Bengali named ‘Sampled Kaumudi’. He was also the editor of Mirat- ul-Akbar. When restrictions were imposed on the publications of newspapers, he reacted sharply and criticized the British authorities vehemently.
In his editorials, he reflected important social, political, economic, religious and other problems with which the Indians were grossly entangled. This brought public consciousness. His writings were so powerful that people were deeply moved by this. He could express his view in powerful English.
Economic Ideas:
Ram Mohan’s economic ideas were tinged with liberalism. He wanted the state intervention to protect the property of the individual. His article ‘Essay over the Rights of the Hindus over Ancestral Property was a pointer in this direction. One’s claim over the ancestral property was to be maintained.
Further, he advocated that the peasants should be protected by the government from the tyranny of the landlords. He was well aware of the dangerous consequences of the permanent settlement of 1793 introduced by Lord Cornwallis. So, he wanted the British authority to intervene in the affairs of the Zamindars to protect the peasants.
He advocated the right of Hindu women over property. As a liberal economic thinker he was deeply concerned with the economic strangulation of the poor in the century. That is why he had resented strongly against the existing revenue system of the country whose first prey were the landlords.
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His reforms have been discussed below:
Abolition of Sati:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy raised his voice against the Sati system. In the funeral pyre of the deceased husband, his wife was mercilessly thrown if she did not enter into the flame voluntarily. She was termed as Sati. The Brahmins and other higher castes in the society encouraged it.
Ram Mohan protested it vehemently. Even he went to England to give witness before the Privy Council against this cruel practice where the orthodox Indians had appealed hot to repeal his system. His efforts bore fruits and this practice was stopped by an Act passed in 1829 during Lord William Bentinck. Thus, a long prevailing ugly practice of the Hindus was uprooted.
Voice against idolatry:
Ram Mohan raised his voice against idolatry. In his book Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin’ he championed the cause of Monotheism. He criticized idol-worship by the Hindus. He also opposed the principle of Trinitariasm’ (God, Son Jesus and the holy spirit) of the Christianity. He rejected polytheism, idol-worship and rituals of different religions. He advocated monotheism or unity among gods. He also advised people to be guided by the conscience. He inspired men to cultivate rationality. To all he appealed to observe the principle of unity of God.
In his words—
“I travelled in the remotest parts of the world. And I found the inhabitants there of agreeing generally in believing in the existence of one being who is the source of creation and the Governor of it.”
Further, he formed ‘Atmiya Sabha’ to carry on discussions among scholars on religion and philosophy. When the Christian missionaries criticized him, he silenced them by writing a pamphlet- ‘An appeal to the Christian public in defence of the precepts of Jesus’.
Champion of Women Liberty:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated the liberty of Women. He was determined to give women her proper place in the society. Besides abolishing Sati, he advocated in favor of widow remarriage. He also told that like the sons, daughters have also their right over parental property. He also influenced the British government to bring necessary modification in the existing law. He raised voice against child-marriage and polygamy. He was the advocate of women education. Thus, he advocated women’s liberty out and out and awakened them.
Opposition to Caste System:
The caste system was a very ugly practice prevailing in Indian society right from the later Vedic age. Indian society was fragmented by the name of different castes. The higher castes like Brahmins and Kshatriyas looked down upon the Sudras, Chandalas and other aboriginals. Ram Mohan opposed this ugly system of the Indian society. To him everybody was a son or daughter of the God. So, there is no difference among men.
There should not exist hatred and animosity among them. Everybody is equal before God. Thus, ignoring differences among themselves they should embrace each other ignoring differences. Then, the true purpose of God will be materialized. By advocating this equality among men. Ram Mohan became the eyesore of many higher caste Indians.
Father of Indian Journalism:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the ‘Father of Indian Journalism’. He believed in the freedom of press. He edited a newspaper in Bengali named ‘Sampled Kaumudi’. He was also the editor of Mirat- ul-Akbar. When restrictions were imposed on the publications of newspapers, he reacted sharply and criticized the British authorities vehemently.
In his editorials, he reflected important social, political, economic, religious and other problems with which the Indians were grossly entangled. This brought public consciousness. His writings were so powerful that people were deeply moved by this. He could express his view in powerful English.
Economic Ideas:
Ram Mohan’s economic ideas were tinged with liberalism. He wanted the state intervention to protect the property of the individual. His article ‘Essay over the Rights of the Hindus over Ancestral Property was a pointer in this direction. One’s claim over the ancestral property was to be maintained.
Further, he advocated that the peasants should be protected by the government from the tyranny of the landlords. He was well aware of the dangerous consequences of the permanent settlement of 1793 introduced by Lord Cornwallis. So, he wanted the British authority to intervene in the affairs of the Zamindars to protect the peasants.
He advocated the right of Hindu women over property. As a liberal economic thinker he was deeply concerned with the economic strangulation of the poor in the century. That is why he had resented strongly against the existing revenue system of the country whose first prey were the landlords.
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pinkysengar:
thnx bro
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