Question

what were the demands made by the Western colonial powers to Chinese emperor​

Answer 1

It is highly recommended that this unit be used with the teaching unit on Macartney and the Emperor. Once students have read about China's negative response to Great Britain's aggressive demands for the expansion of trade and exchange of ambassadors, they will be prepared to appreciate more fully the Chinese perception of the Opium War and the conditions imposed upon the country in the "unequal treaties" that followed. China's experience of Western aggression in the 1800s continues to be an important factor shaping both the nation's foreign policy and its drive for modernization.

Answer 2

The Western powers that invaded China had played a double role: they have also helped to support the Chinese government by taking part in the suppression of the Taiping rebellion in addition to forcing a new trade Treaty; they had believed that the Taiping victory would lead to a reformed and central China that will resist western penetration.

Explanation:

• China looked at Western ideas and concepts and resented them. China believed that its lifestyle was greater than any other foreign nation, thereby establishing a powerful and conventional Chinese culture that all the people adopted and obeyed.
• British imperialism had a primary economic motive in China in the 19th century. Chinese tea, porcelain, & silk were widely requested on the British market. Britain, however, did not have enough silver to trade with the Qing Empire. A barter system based on Indian opium had been established to address this payment problem. Between 1790 & 1832, the resulting rapid rise in opium in China produced a wave of addictions & social unrest. Besides, in 1834 the British sent Lord Napier to press the Chinese to open up trade. The Chinese Government refused its demands and the two nations showed animosity.
• Finally, conflicts between the Qing government and British traders developed into the notorious Opium Wars. The British demanded  trading privileges in the ports of Canton and Shanghai on the island of Hong Kong, as an outcome of the war