What were the different modes of living of the tribals? state in brief?
Answers
Tribal economy is actually an economy and an economic debate that seeks to explore the wisdom and systems of different tribes of people and sources of their subsistence and livelihood for survival as a people.
Therefore, this means that there different tribal peoples have different economic activities.
The modes of tribal economy are:
1. Food-gatherers and hunters: These are nomadic primitive tribes live far away from urban settlements and have a simple type of social organization. Food gathering and hunting is their main subsistence economy e.g Jarwa, Kadar, Lodha in India
2.Craftsmen: These are Khasi and Naga who are traditional black smiths.
3.Shifting hill cultivators: These are are tribes that carry out agricultural activities on hills by burning the shrubs, plants which also act as manure for the land
4. Pastoral people: These are tribes that make their livelihood rearing cows and buffaloes and use the milk product to exchange for daily basic needs. e.g Toda of the Nilgiri and Bhotia of Almora they also settle far away from urban settlements
5. Manual labor: For tribes that don't have land they have resort to manual labor. They make a living by selling their labor in different trades
6. Permanent settled farmers: The majority of this tribe are agricultural laborers either in their on agricultural lands or the fields of others. e.g Munda, Oraon Santal, Gond
Explanation:
1. cultivation of food
the tribles practised jhum cultivation or the shifting cultivation.
2.hunting and food gathering
They went out for hunting in the group and divided the meat among themselves
3.labour work
some of the travels worked as agricultural laborers in the fields of zamindars
4.herding of animals
tribls groups was pastorals who roamed about from one place to another with their herds of animals
5.settled cultivation of crops
Tribals groups like mundas settling down instead of moving from one place to another