Question

What were the effects of colonization on Indian Industries??(5-mark question)(plz Help) Thanks in advance!!

Answer 1

Answer:

Hey mate ✌️

The Industrial Revolution in England created a serious impact on Indian economy as it reversed the character and composition of India’s foreign trade. This led to destruction of Indian handicrafts although there was no substantial growth of modern factory industry.

Answer 2

Answer:

Colonial rule in India by its inherent nature worked for benefit of England and in turn impoverished India. Agriculture was the main source of livelihood for most of the people of India. However, agrarian relations i.e relations between the peasant and the state changed drastically under the British. Earlier system of Jagirdari prevalent under the Mughals was done away with. In this system, the King, the jagirdar and peasant had different rights on land and although there were some instances of land being sold or bought this was not the usual practice. The British introduced three types of land settlements, Permanent, Ryotwari and Mahalwari. In the first revenue settlement was made with the Zamindars, in the second directly with the peasants and in the third with the village communities. In the zamindari system, zamindar was recognized as the owner of the land and left free to extract maximum revenue from the cultivators leaving the peasantry impoverished and at the mercy of the zamindar. In other cases, the absence of zamindars did not bring any relief to the peasantry as revenue was fixed at exorbitant rates leaving the peasants in very deprived state.

Second impact of colonial policies was commercialization of agriculture in some areas where the peasants grew cash crops primarily cotton, jute, tobacco, sugarcane, indigo etc most of which served as raw material for British industries. However, commercialisation proved beneficial only for the rich peasants and the moneylenders. It paved the way for usury and the poorer peasants depended heavily on the local moneylender for advance of credit, marketing of crops, loans during the lean seasons and paying land revenue. The moneylender who was usually the village merchant also acted as the agent for buying the produce of the peasant and for introducing and selling western manufactured goods like Manchester cloth. Poorer peasants virtually hypothecated their produce in advance to the moneylender. A large number of them remained in debt throughout their lives and many of them lost their lands. This resulted in de-peasanting in which a number of peasants lost their lands and were forced to become landless labourers.