Question

What were the first point of the four-point programme on the partition of Bengal declared by Lord Curzon ​

Answer 1

Lord Curzon, who was the Viceroy of India from 1898 to 1905, became unpopular in India. The reason was that he had followed a policy against the Indians. He tried to justify the partition of Bengal by explaining that Bengal was too large as a province to be administrated by a single Governor.

Answer 2

Bengal split up into Piston Bengal and Assam (with a population of 31 million) and Bengal (with a population of four million of which 18 million were Bengali, and 36 million Oriyas and Biharis, respectively) by July 16, 1905. The decision came to be taken by Lord Curzon who announced that Bengal was too large to be efficiently governed.

Explanation:

• In Bengal, the regional state had a population of almost 80 million at the time.  The region was very large and in the first few years of the 20th century the population rose to almost 80 million. Calcutta became the provincial capital and British India as well. It comprised the Hindi-speaking areas of Bihar, the Odia-speaking areas of Odisha and the Assam-speaking regions of Assam. The government declared in January 1904 the notion of partition.
• The administration of such a vast area was complicated. The eastern part has been overlooked, especially in rural areas. In the fields of business, education and employment, this region was missing. A large part of Calcutta was the center of industry. Even before Curzon arrived in India, it was suggested that the province should be split up administratively.
• In January 1904, the government declared the concept of a partition. Henry Stedman Cotton, Chief Commissioner of Assam, was opposed to the proposal. However Bengal's partition was proclaimed by Viceroy Curzon in October 16, 1905.
• Assam was sliced off Bengal and put under the commander-in-chief in 1874. At first, Lord Curzon proposed only the administrative partitioning of the region. He went on an east Bengal tour in 1904. The idea of using the Bengal partition as a policy instrument to weaken Bengal's and other parts of India's growing nationalism was later implemented.
• According to Curzon, Bengal (including Western Bengal, Odisha and Bihar) and Eastern Bengal and Assam were the two provinces following its division. Five Hindi states to Central Provinces will also be lost by Bengal. The central provinces will acquire Odia-speaking countries. Eastern Bengal would consist of Hill Tripura, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Dhaka divisions. Its capital would be Dhaka.

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Briefly mention the causes and consequences of the bengal partition ...

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