Question

what were the impacts of the Indian national army on the British government​

Answer 1

Answer:

The Indian officers and the Jawan were also equally affected. It was the INA that forced Britain's hand. Sufficient number of British battalions were not available and the battle-weary British troops wanted to go home. And as Colonel Sahgal said, without Netaji INA would have been nothing.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj /ˈɑːzɑːð ˈhinð ˈfɔːdʒ/; lit.: Free Indian Army) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists and Imperial Japan in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. Its aim was to secure Indian independence from British rule. It fought alongside Japanese soldiers in the latter's campaign in the Southeast Asian theatre of WWII.[1] The army was first formed in 1942 under Mohan Singh, by Indian PoWs of the British-Indian Army captured by Japan in the Malayan campaign and at Singapore.[2] This first INA collapsed and was disbanded in December that year after differences between the INA leadership and the Japanese military over its role in Japan's war in Asia. Rash Behari Bose handed over INA to Subhas Chandra Bose.[3] It was revived under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose after his arrival in Southeast Asia in 1943. The army was declared to be the army of Bose's Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (the Provisional Government of Free India).[4] Under Bose's leadership, the INA drew ex-prisoners and thousands of civilian volunteers from the Indian expatriate population in Malaya (present-day Malaysia) and Burma.[5] This second INA fought along with the Imperial Japanese Army against the British and Commonwealth forces in the campaigns in Burma: at Imphal and Kohima, and later against the Allied retaking of Burma.[6][7]

Indian National Army

Azad Hind Fauj

1931 Flag of India.svg

Flag of Azad Hind

Active

August 1942 – September 1945

Country

Azad Hind (after Oct. 1943)

Allegiance

Empire of Japan

Role

Guerrilla, infantry, special operations

Size

43,000 (approximate)

Motto(s)

Ittehad, Itmad aur Qurbani

(Urdu: Unity, Faith and Sacrifice)

March

Qadam Qadam Badaye Ja

Engagements

World War II

Burma Campaign

Battle of Ngakyedauk

Battle of Imphal

Battle of Pokoku

Battle of Central Burma

Commanders

Commander

Mohan Singh (1942)

Subhas Chandra Bose (1943-1945)

Chief of Staff

Jaganath Rao Bhonsle

Notable

commanders

Mohammed Zaman Kiani

Shah Nawaz Khan

Prem Sahgal

Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon

Monument of INA Martyrs at Kolkata

After the INA's initial formation in 1942, there was concern in the British-Indian Army that further Indian troops would defect. This led to a reporting ban and a propaganda campaign called "Jiffs" to preserve the loyalty of the Sepoy.[8] Historians like Peter W. Fay who have written about the army, however, consider the INA not to have had significant influence on the war.[9] The end of the war saw many of the troops repatriated to India where some faced trials for treason. These trials became a galvanising point in the Indian Independence movement.[10] The Bombay mutiny in the Royal Indian Navy and other mutinies in 1946 are thought to have been caused by the nationalist feelings that were caused by the INA trials.[11] Historians like Sumit Sarkar, Peter Cohen, Fay and others suggest that these events played a crucial role in hastening the end of British rule.[12][13] A number of people associated with the INA during the war later went on to hold important roles in public life in India as well as in other countries in Southeast Asia, most notably Lakshmi Sehgal in India, and John Thivy and Janaki Athinahappan in Malaya.[14]

It was associated with Imperial Japan and the other Axis powers, and accusations were levelled against INA troops of being involved and complicit in Japanese war crimes.[15] The INA's members were viewed as Axis collaborators by British soldiers and Indian PoWs who did not join the army,[16] but after the war they were seen as patriots by many Indians.[16] Although they were widely commemorated by the Indian National Congress in the immediate aftermath of Indian independence, members of the INA were denied freedom fighter status by the Government of India, unlike those in the Gandhian movement.[17] Nevertheless, the army remains a popular and passionate topic in Indian culture and politics.[5][16][18]