Question

What were the long term effects of the Crusades on networks of exchange in the Mediterranean?

Answer 1

Answer:

Eventually, it was Europe's rebirth and expansion that finally created a Crusader effect in the Middle East. As Europe asserted itself during the 15th through 19th centuries, it forced the Islamic world into a secondary position, sparking envy and reactionary conservatism in some sectors of the formerly more progressive Middle East.

Today, the Crusades constitute a major grievance for some people in the Middle East, when they consider relations with Europe and the West.