What were the main causes of French revolution
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(a) Social Causes - On the eve of the revolution, the French society was
ridden with several inequalities. The clergy and the nobles led a life of luxury
and enjoyed numerous privileges. On the other hand, the peasants and
workers lived a wretched life. They groaned under heavy taxes and forced
labour. The middle-class comprising of lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc also
suffered humiliation at the hands of the clergy and the nobles. This state of
social inequality was the chief cause of the French Revolution.
(b) Political Causes - Emperor Louis XVI of France was an empty headed
despot. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, squandered money on their
luxurious living and wasteful festivities. The high posts were often auctioned,
so inefficiency reigned supreme. The whole administration was corrupt and
each department had its own laws. In the absence of any uniform system
there was confusion all around. The people were tired of such a rotten
system of administration and wanted a change.
(c) Economic Causes - France had been continually involved in wars which
had broken her economy. The luxurious life led by the French King Louis
XVI and his queen had made the matter still worse. The people groaned
under heavy taxes. The system was so faulty that only a fraction of the taxes
could be realized as the people were too poor to pay the taxes while nobles
and the clergy who could pay, were completely exempted from all the taxes
. The economy became so bad that the French Government had almost
reached a state of bankruptcy. Thus the shattered economy of France proved
a major cause of the Revolution.
(d) Immediate Cause - Forced by financial bankruptcy, Emperor Louis XVI
was compelled to call a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 A.D. after a
lapse of 175 years. It generated much excitement as the members of the
Third Estate were determined to put forth their problems. But when the first
two Estates i.e. the Clergy and the Nobility refused to have a common
meeting with the Third Estate, the people lost their temper. They had already
suffered much in the severe famine in 1788 - 1789.
ridden with several inequalities. The clergy and the nobles led a life of luxury
and enjoyed numerous privileges. On the other hand, the peasants and
workers lived a wretched life. They groaned under heavy taxes and forced
labour. The middle-class comprising of lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc also
suffered humiliation at the hands of the clergy and the nobles. This state of
social inequality was the chief cause of the French Revolution.
(b) Political Causes - Emperor Louis XVI of France was an empty headed
despot. He and his queen, Marie Antoinette, squandered money on their
luxurious living and wasteful festivities. The high posts were often auctioned,
so inefficiency reigned supreme. The whole administration was corrupt and
each department had its own laws. In the absence of any uniform system
there was confusion all around. The people were tired of such a rotten
system of administration and wanted a change.
(c) Economic Causes - France had been continually involved in wars which
had broken her economy. The luxurious life led by the French King Louis
XVI and his queen had made the matter still worse. The people groaned
under heavy taxes. The system was so faulty that only a fraction of the taxes
could be realized as the people were too poor to pay the taxes while nobles
and the clergy who could pay, were completely exempted from all the taxes
. The economy became so bad that the French Government had almost
reached a state of bankruptcy. Thus the shattered economy of France proved
a major cause of the Revolution.
(d) Immediate Cause - Forced by financial bankruptcy, Emperor Louis XVI
was compelled to call a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 A.D. after a
lapse of 175 years. It generated much excitement as the members of the
Third Estate were determined to put forth their problems. But when the first
two Estates i.e. the Clergy and the Nobility refused to have a common
meeting with the Third Estate, the people lost their temper. They had already
suffered much in the severe famine in 1788 - 1789.
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