What were the main causes of the non-cooperation movement write the impact also?
Answers
Non-Cooperation Movement and Khilafat Movement in India
The Non-Cooperation Movement launched on 1st August 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi was the first mass movement organised on a nation-wide scale during the course of India’s freedom struggle. In this article, we shall read about the causes, methods, impact and end of the Non-Cooperation Movement in detail.
There were four main causes of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Resultant Punjab Disturbances
Dissatisfaction with Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Rowlatt Act
Khilafat Agitation
Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched on 5 September 1920 by the Indian National Congress (INC) under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In September 1920, at the Calcutta Congress session, the party presented the Non-Cooperation program. . It marked a new chapter in the history of the Indian freedom struggle.
The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched following a series of events including the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and was called off due to the Chauri Chaura incident of 1922.
The causes of the non-cooperation movement
- Resentment against the British after the war: Indians thought that in return for the extensive manpower and resource support they provided to Britain during World War I, they would be rewarded with autonomy at the end of the war. But the Government of India Act 1919 was unsatisfactory. In addition, the British also passed repressive acts such as the Rowlatt Act, which further angered many Indians who felt betrayed by the rulers despite their wartime support.
- Home Rule Movement: Founded by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the Home Rule Movement paved the way for the Non-Cooperation Movement. INC extremists and moderates were united and the Lucknow Pact also saw solidarity between the Muslim League and the Congress Party.
- Economic hardships caused by World War I: India's participation in the war caused many economic hardships to the people. The prices of goods started to rise, which affected the common man. Peasants also suffered because the prices of agricultural products did not increase. All this led to opposition to the government.
- Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: The repressive Rowlatt Act and the brutal massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar had a profound impact on the Indian leaders and people. Their faith in the British justice system was broken and the whole country rallied behind its leaders who sought a more aggressive and firm stance against the government.
- Khilafat Movement: During World War I, Turkey, which was one of the central powers, fought against the British. After the defeat of Turkey, the dissolution of the Ottoman Caliphate was proposed. Muslims regarded the Sultan of Turkey as their caliph (religious head of Muslims). The Khilafat movement was started under the leadership of the Ali brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani. She got support from Mahatma Gandhi to convince the British government not to abolish the caliphate. The leaders of this movement accepted Gandhiji's non-cooperation movement and led a joint protest against the British.
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