What were the main features of abbasid administration system?
Answers
The Administration of Abbasids Caliphate
566
established feudal caste and of an entrenched priesthood. According to Lewis the change
of dynasty completed a process of development in the organization of the state, which
had already begun under the Umayyads. The caliph under the Abbasids became an
autocrat claiming a divine origin for his authority, resting it on a salaried bureaucracy. In
the new regime pedigree was no help to advancement, but only the favor of the
sovereign, and an official hierarchy thus replaced the Arab aristocracy. With the
foundation of their empire, the Abbasids introduced great changes in the mode and
practice of administrative system. Actually the new regime was much impressed by the
Persians and under their influence they adopted the sophisticated manners and etiquettes
for their emperors. In emulating the example of the Persian kings they, went ahead of
their Umayyad predecessors, who had previously introduced the Byzantine fashions. In
the words of Hassan Ibrahim, “The adoption of such monarchic dignity with great pomp
and show was the renaissance of the Sasanids kingship and Baghdad became just like the
capital of the splendid Persian Empire” (Hassan, 1947).
Answer:
The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by another family of Meccan origin, the Abbasids, in 750 CE. The Abbasids distinguished themselves from the Umayyads by attacking their moral character and administration. In particular, they appealed to non-Arab Muslims, known as mawali, who remained outside the kinship-based society of the Arabs and were perceived as a lower class within the Umayyad empire. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad’s youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. Muhammad ibn ‘Ali, a great-grandson of Abbas, began to campaign for the return of power to the family of Muhammad, the Hashimites, in Persia during the reign of Umar II, an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 717–720 CE.
Explanation:
The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali, or non-Arab Muslims, by moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE.
The Persian bureaucracy slowly replaced the old Arab aristocracy as the Abbasids established the new positions of vizier and emir to delegate their central authority.
The Abbasids maintained an unbroken line of caliphs for over three centuries, consolidating Islamic rule and cultivating great intellectual and cultural developments in the Middle East in the Golden Age of Islam.
The Fatimid dynasty broke from the Abbasids in 909 and created separate line of caliphs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Palestine until 1171 CE.
Abbasid control eventually disintegrated, and the edges of the empire declared local autonomy.
Though lacking in political power, the dynasty continued to claim authority in religious matters until after the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517.