What were the main reasons for Quit India Movement. Write in points.
Answers
Answer:
Here’s all you need to about Quit India Movement in points:
Explanation:
●Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank Maidan also known as August Kranti Maidan is the place where Mahatma Gandhi delivered his speech marking the beginning of the Quit India Movement. Mahatma along with other leaders gathered here on August 8 and 9, 1942. The maidan also houses a monument as a tribute to the historical event.
●In his speech at Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank, Gandhiji called the nation to ‘Do or Die’ in his speech. Within hours of the speech, almost the entire INC was imprisoned without
trial.
●Several national leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Abdul Kalam Azad, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel were arrested.
●The Congress was declared an unlawful association, leaders were arrested and its offices all over the country were raided and their funds were frozen.
●The first half of the movement was peaceful with demonstrations and processions. The peaceful protest was carried till Mahatma Gandhi’s release.
●The second half of the movement was violent with raids and setting fire at post offices, government buildings and railway stations. Lord Linlithgow adopted the policy of violence.
●The Viceroy’s Council of Muslims, Communist Party and Americans supported Britishers.
●After the arrest of major leaders, young Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session. Despite several police warnings and government notices for banning public processions and assemblies, a large crowd gathered at Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank Maidan where Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted the flag.
●The final phase of the movement was marked on September 1942 where mobs getting together and bombings in government places of Mumbai and Madhya Pradesh.
●The British refused to grant immediate independence and stated that it could only be granted after the war ended. Finally, India got independence in 1947.
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Answer:
On 8th Aug 2020, India completed 78 years of Quit India Movement also known as August Kranti.
Taking inspiration from the Quit India Movement, the Prime Minister gave a call for the revival of its spirit of the Quit India Movement by coining a new slogan karenge aur karake rahenge in place of Gandhi’s slogan of karo ya maro (Do or Die).
The aim of this slogan is to achieve the goal of building a “New India” by 2022.
Key Points
About: On 8th August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi gave a clarion call to end the British rule and launched the Quit India Movement at the session of the All-India Congress Committee in Mumbai.
Aruna Asaf Ali popularly known as the 'Grand Old Lady' of the Independence Movement is known for hoisting the Indian flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai during the Quit India Movement.
The slogan ‘Quit India’ was coined by Yusuf Meherally, a socialist and trade unionist who also served as Mayor of Mumbai.
Meherally had also coined the slogan “Simon Go Back”.
Causes:
The immediate cause for the movement was the collapse of Cripps Mission.
The British assumption of unconditional support from India to British in World War II was not taken well by the Indian National Congress.
The anti-British sentiments and demand for full-independence had gained popularity among indian masses.
The two decades of mass movement which were being conducted on a much more radical tone under the leadership of the various associated and affiliated bodies of the Congress, like All India Kisan Sabha, Forward Bloc etc. had already prepared the ground for the movement.
There were militant outbursts happening at several places in the country which got channelized with the Quit India Movement.
The economy was also in shatters as a result of World War II.
Demands
The demand was to end the British rule in India with immediate effect to get the cooperation of Indians in World War-II against fascism.
There was a demand to form a provisional government after the withdrawal of the Britishers.
Phases: The movement had three phases
First Phase urban revolt, marked by strikes, boycott and picketing, which were quickly suppressed.
There were strikes and demonstrations all over the country and workers provided the support by not working in the factories.
Gandhiji was soon imprisoned at Aga Khan Palace in Pune and almost all leaders were arrested.
In the second phase, the focus shifted to the countryside, which witnessed a major peasant rebellion, marked by destruction of communication systems, such as railway tracks and stations, telegraph wires and poles, attacks on government buildings or any other visible symbol of colonial authority.
The last phase witnessed the formation of national governments or parallel governments isolated pockets (Ballia, Tamluk, Satara etc.)
Spontaneous Violence: The movement saw violence at some places which was not premeditated.
Future Leaders: Underground activities were taken by leaders that included Ram Manohar Lohia, J.P. Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali, Biju Patnaik, Sucheta Kriplani, etc which later emerged as prominent leaders.
Women Participation: Women took active participation in the movement. Female leaders like Usha Mehta helped set up an underground radio station which led to the awakening about the movement.
Support:
Muslim League, the Communist Party of India and the Hindu Mahasabha did not support the movement. The Indian bureaucracy also did not support the movement.
The League was not in favour of the British leaving India without partitioning the country first.
The Communist party supported the British since they were allied with the Soviet Union.
The Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the Quit India Movement and boycotted it officially under the apprehension that the movement would create internal disorder and will endanger internal security during the war.
Meanwhile, Subhas Chandra Bose, organised the Indian National Army and the Azad Hind government from outside the country.
As C Rajagopalachari was not in favour of complete independence, he resigned from the INC.