what were the main style of temple architecture in mediaeval India give one example
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By the 700s AD, after the collapse of the Guptan Empire, there were two different styles of temple-building in India, a north Indian style and a south Indian style. This temple from Osian shows the north Indian style. It has a high tower called a shikhara, and an open porch for visitors to the temple, called a mandapa. North Indian temples also had a high porch, like earlier Etruscan and Roman temples. They had flat stone roofs.
Brihidesvara Temple (1000s AD)
Brihidesvara Temple (Orisa, 1000s AD)
In south India, about 1000 AD, the Chola king Rajaraja the Great (his name means King-king) built a very big temple to the Hindu god Shiva. South India was richer than North India, so they could build bigger buildings.
Like the northern temples, this southern temple has a shikhara (tower). But this tower is much higher – thirteen stories high! The southern temple is also much longer than the northern one. It has several porches (mandapas) on the front instead of only one. Like the northern temples, the southern temples also have flat stone roofs. This temple is about fifty feet high, not counting the tower. (Compare this to Romanesque churches in Europe built about the same time, or to the Fatimid mosques in Egypt.) Because it is so hot and sunny most of the time in southern India, the architects wanted to keep the sun out, so the temple would stay cool. It was different than in cold, dark northern Europe, where Gothic architects wanted to let in light.
By 1061 AD, India was a leading manufacturer of steel. Some builders in India started to use a new method of building using iron beams to replace wooden beams, because wooden beams were very hard to get in India. One example is Brahmeshwar temple in eastern India at Orissa. This might have led to reinforced steel buildings, except that steel was also very expensive – smiths didn’t know how to make large amounts of steel cheaply yet.
By the 700s AD, after the collapse of the Guptan Empire, there were two different styles of temple-building in India, a north Indian style and a south Indian style. This temple from Osian shows the north Indian style. It has a high tower called a shikhara, and an open porch for visitors to the temple, called a mandapa. North Indian temples also had a high porch, like earlier Etruscan and Roman temples. They had flat stone roofs.
Brihidesvara Temple (1000s AD)
Brihidesvara Temple (Orisa, 1000s AD)
In south India, about 1000 AD, the Chola king Rajaraja the Great (his name means King-king) built a very big temple to the Hindu god Shiva. South India was richer than North India, so they could build bigger buildings.
Like the northern temples, this southern temple has a shikhara (tower). But this tower is much higher – thirteen stories high! The southern temple is also much longer than the northern one. It has several porches (mandapas) on the front instead of only one. Like the northern temples, the southern temples also have flat stone roofs. This temple is about fifty feet high, not counting the tower. (Compare this to Romanesque churches in Europe built about the same time, or to the Fatimid mosques in Egypt.) Because it is so hot and sunny most of the time in southern India, the architects wanted to keep the sun out, so the temple would stay cool. It was different than in cold, dark northern Europe, where Gothic architects wanted to let in light.
By 1061 AD, India was a leading manufacturer of steel. Some builders in India started to use a new method of building using iron beams to replace wooden beams, because wooden beams were very hard to get in India. One example is Brahmeshwar temple in eastern India at Orissa. This might have led to reinforced steel buildings, except that steel was also very expensive – smiths didn’t know how to make large amounts of steel cheaply yet.
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Architecture was either of imperial style i.e. patronised by rulers or provincial style i.e patronised by local rulers and fiefs. Slave dynasty (Mameluke style) : During this period, remodelling of existing Hindu structures. Qutb minar was an example of structures built during this period.
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