what were
the main types of industries that came up in the 19th century in India?
Answers
Answer:
When the British authorities reorganized and regulated India’s economy, they organized a modern administration system which brought an transformation and new ideas to Indian in all aspects. While there was an changing in society, the rising industrial interest also wanted to make India a big market of their goods.
An important development in the second half of the 19th century was the establishment of large-scale machine based industry in India.The machine age in India began when cotton textile, jute and coal mining industries were started in the 1850’s . The first textile mill was started in Bombay by Cowasjee Nanabhoy in 1853,and the first jute mill in Rishra(Bengal) in 1855.These industries slowly expand but continuously. In 1879, there were 56 cotton textile mills in India employing nearly 43,000 persons. In 1882, there were 20 jute mills, most of them in Bengal employing nearly 20,000 person. The coal-mining industry employed nearly one lakh of persons in 1906. Other mechanical industries which developed during the second half of the 19th and beginning of 20th century were cotton gins and presses, rice, flours and timber mills,leathertanneries, wollen textiles, sugar mills,iron and steel and such mineral industries as salt,mica and saltpeter. Cement,paper,matches, sigar and glass industries developed during the 1930’s, but these had a very stunned growth.
Apart from machine based industry, the 19th century also witnessed the growth of plantation industries such as indigo, tea and coffee. Indigo was used as a dye in textile manufacture and it was introduced into Indians at the end of the 18th century and flourished in Bengal and Bihar. The tea industry was developed in Assam, Bengal and South India and the hills of Himachal Prades, after 1850 it was also become an important items of export. Coffee plantation also introduced during this period in South India.
Most of these Indian industries were owned or controlled by the British capital. Foreign capitalists also attracted to Indian industry because labours were extremely cheap raw materials were readily and cheaply available and for many goods, India and its neighbours provided a ready market. For many Indian products such as tea, jute and manganese, there was a ready demand the world over.
On the otherhand, the plantation and other foreign owned industries were of hardly any advantages to the Indians. Their profit went out of the country as most of their products were sold in foreign market. Thus, the industrial progress in India was exceedingly slow and painful.
Answer:
1) Iron & steel industries .
2) Coal mine industries .
3) Cotton textile (since before Britishers rulers ) .
4) Petrochemical industries.
5) Cement industries.