What were the merits and demerits of the Ryotwari System?
Answers
Answer:
The Ryotwari system was one of the main systems of collecting revenue during the British rule in India. It was introduced in 1820 by Sir Thomas Munro and Captain Alexander Read.
Advantages
1. There were no middlemen. The tax was collected directly from the ryots or cultivators.
2. The ryot was the owner of the land he cultivated.
3. He could transfer, sell or mortgage his property.
4. He could not be ejected from his land as long as he paid the revenue.
5. Remissions of assessment were granted during unfavourable seasons.
6. The assessment was fixed in money and it did not change every year.
Disadvantages
1. The rate of taxation was quite high.
2. The tax was not based on the actual revenues from the produce of the land. It was based on an estimate of the potential of the soil.
3. In some cases the tax was more than 50% of the gross revenue.
4. The tax had to be paid in cash this exposed the cultivators to the demands of the moneylenders when crops failed.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Mahalwari system was devised by Holt Mackenzie. It came into effect in 1822, in the North Western provinces of the Bengal Presidency.
Merits:
1. The amount of revenue was not fixed as the amount was revised periodically depending on the basis net produce.
2. The village headmen were in charge of collecting revenue thus the peasants were saved from dealing with corrupt revenue officials.
Explanation:
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