Question

What were the outcomes and drawbacks of treaty of vienna ? *For 5 marks*

Answer 1

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The need for collective action against Napoleon had united Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia. Their joint effort in defecting Napoleon made them realize the important value of co-operation when facing aggression. Thus, after the defeat of Napoleon, they called a meeting at Vienna, to discuss solution to be the problems brought by Napoleon. It came to be called the Congress of Vienna.

There were both merits and demerits through the Vienna Settlement and now let us discuss the merits first:

Although Napoleon had been defeated by the alliance, France was not treated as a defeated country. She was invited to take part in the Congress and was admitted as one of the Big Five. Furthermore, the penalties imposed on France were not very humiliating. Therefore, France was not resentful of the Vienna Settlement and she had no reason to take revenge.

Moreover, the ring of buffer states around France was very successful in checking the future aggression of France. For example, in the north Holland was made to unite with Belgium and Luxembourg to form the kingdom of United Netherlands and in the southeast, Switzerland was made a neutral to become a buffer of France. In the south, Piedmont was united Sardinia to form the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia.

Answer 2

In 1815, the representatives of the European powers - Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria wanted to establish long-lasting peace and stability after they defeated Napoleon.In 1815, the representatives of the European powers - Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria wanted to establish long-lasting peace and stability after they defeated Napoleon.

Thus, they drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the intention of undoing most of the changes brought about during the Napoleonic wars and creating a new conservative order in Europe. According to this treaty:

The Bourbon dynasty was brought back to power and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.  

To prevent the French evasion, a series of states were set up on the boundaries of France.

This lead to the setting up of kingdom of the Netherlands (inclusive of Belgium) in the north and the kingdom of Genoa (added to Piedmont) in the south.

Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.

However, Napoleon’s German confederation of 39 states was left untouched.

In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.

The treaty strengthened the monarchy. As a result, people rose in revolt against monarchy in many parts of Europe. 

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