Question

what were the position of the Indians in the British Administrative structure​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

The military and administrative changes made in India after the revolution of 1857 make it clear that there was a decisive influence of the uprising of 1857 on the British policy. Under the military reorganization, to constitute the different soldiers of different castes in different regiments and to deprive the Indians of higher positions in administrative areas are some examples of changed British

policy.

The British thought themselves surrounded by enemies. Two ideologies were prevalent among British administrators and politicians.

 

First was that British policy in India should be like a military winner. Liberal policy towards Indians would mean weakness of the government. This policy was called the reactionary policy.

According to second ideology, educated and competent Indians should be given an opportunity to participate in the administration because not doing so could lead to the threat again of the British Empire. This policy was called the liberal policy.

After the revolution, these two ideologies have influenced the administrative policy of the British. 11 Governor-General came to India between 1858 and 1905; all of them were influenced by some ideology. But Lord Ripon and Lord Curzon vividly actively represent these two ideologies.

Administrative policy (1858-1880 AD)

While abolishing the company’s existence after the Revolution of 1857, the British government put force on the change in the administrative system of India. So, after the revolution of 1857 AD, many changes were made in the administration.

Military administration

There were two parts of the English army in India before the revolution. The first was called the company Regiment, in which all the soldiers were Indians, but the officers were Englishmen. The second was called the Queen Regiment, in which all the soldiers and officers were English. The soldiers of the Queen Regiment had more salaries and other facilities than the company regiment. Lord Kenning (1857-62) wanted to reorganize the military administration in such a way that in the future there would be no threat again.

So Kenning ended this division of the army. Although the soldiers of the Queen Regiment strongly protested, Kenning did not accept it.

Administrative decentralization

Centralization in the administrative matters was enforced by the Charter Act of 1833. After its expiry, In the era of Lord Dalhousie, the Charter Act was passed in 1853, in which the governor-general’s council was expanded to work on the bill, and Lord Dalhousie operated the council on the basis of the parliamentary system. As a result, 6 non-official members of the council used to criticize the government as the opposition party. Due to this system, Kenning had to face extreme difficulty.

The Indian Council Act was passed in 1861 to make changes in the above system, in which the provinces were given some freedom in making the law. Before this act, all the administration used to roam on a nail, but now the responsibility of separate departments handed over to the governance.

 

Council members were given the right to make final decisions in matters related to their respective departments. Only policy related matters were presented to the Governor General. This Act gave the right to increase the Governor-General and its autocracy of proceedings. This decentralization of administration benefited so much that some Indians had been associated with the British administration. But they did not have the right to interfere in executive affairs.

Changes in land system

The Bengal Tenancy Act was approved by Lord Kenning in 1859 to ban the rights of zamindars (Lords) in India, under which all the farmers were accepted the owner of the land that they had been occupied for 12 consecutive years and the rent (Lagaan) was also decided which has been given to the landlords by their farmers. This fixed rent could not be increased until the court examined it and gave permission for an increase in it. The rent of farmers, who had the land from 1793, could not have

been increased in any situation.

This act was opposed by the farmers, so a new rent commission was appointed in 1879 and on the basis of the report of this commission, an Act was approved again in 1885, in which the 12-year-old rights was interpreted liberally, but the farmer had to agree with the demand of the landlord for the increase in rent due to litigation and other problems.

 

Answer 2

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British introduced their own administrative system in India.

1. In this system, they needed clerical people who can work for them in the given setup.

2. Since it was difficult to bring the British for this job so Indians were recruited.

3. Indians were always given clerical jobs and they were administered by the British civil servant.

4. In Army, no Indian could ever rise to a rank above Subedar.

5. Civil service examination was held in London with age 19 so it found very few Indians.

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