Question

what were the reason for the collapse of tzarist autocracy in 1917

Answer 1

On Sunday, 25 February, the government suspended the Duma. Politicians spoke out against the measure. Demonstrators returned in force to the streets of the left bank on the 26th. On the 27th, the Police Headquarters were ransacked. The streets thronged with people raising slogans about bread, wages, better hours and democracy. The government tried to control the situation and called out the cavalry once again. However, the cavalry refused to fire on the demonstrators. An officer was shot at the barracks of a regiment and three other regiments mutinied, voting to join the striking workers. By that evening, soldiers and striking workers had gathered to form a ‘soviet’ or ‘council’ in the same building as the Duma met. This was the Petrograd Soviet. The very next day, a delegation went to see the Tsar. Military commanders advised him to abdicate. He followed their advice and abdicated on 2 March. Soviet leaders and Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run the country. Russia’s future would be decided by a constituent assembly, elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Petrograd had led the February Revolution that brought down the monarchy in February 1917.
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Answer 2

Answer:

The Tsarist autocracy collapsed in 1917 due to the following reasons—

(a)  Miserable Condition of the Workers

(i) The industrial workers in Russia got very low wages.

(ii) They had very long working hours, sometimes upto 15 hours.

(iii) A large number of workers were unemployed,

(iv) The workers demanded higher wages and reduction in working hours but their demands were not met and they became dissatisfied.

(b) Miserable Condition of Peasants  

(i) Most of the peasants were landless and very poor.

(ii) They also had to do free labour for the landlords.

(iii) The small farmers who possessed land had to pay high land revenue, leaving very less for them to survive on.

(iv) The landless farmers demanded that the land of the nobles should be given to them.

(v) They wanted reduction of land revenue.

(vi) However, their demands were not fulfilled and they too became dissatisfied.

(c) Russia's Defeat in the First World War

(i) Initially, the people rallied around Tsar Nicholas II; however Russian armies suffered defeats and a large number of soldiers were killed in the war.

(ii) The Russian population wanted to withdraw from the war, but the Tsar was not willing to do so. This turned the Russian people against him and encouraged them to revolt.

Explanation: