what were the reason for the rise of imperialism
Answers
Explanation:
Imperial governments, and/or private companies under those governments, sought ways to maximize profits. Economic expansion demanded cheap labor, access to or control of markets to sell or buy products, and natural resources such as precious metals and land; governments have met these demands by hook (tribute) or by crook (plunder). After the advent of the Industrial Revolution, dependent colonies often provided to European factories and markets the raw materials they needed to manufacture products. Imperial merchants often established trading posts and warehouses, created transportation infrastructure, and sought control over strategic choke points, such as the Suez Canal in Egypt (which allows boats to cut thousands of miles of travel time between Asia and Europe). Imperial powers often competed with each over for the best potential resources, markets, and trade.
Exploratory: Imperial nations or their citizens wanted to explore territory that was, to them, unknown. Sometimes they did this for the purpose of medical or scientific research. At other times, they did it for the sense of adventure. Invariably, imperial explorers sought to discover, map, and claim territory before their imperial competition did, partly for national and personal glory and partly to serve the imperialist goal of expansion.
Ethnocentric: Imperial nations sometimes believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. Imperial conquest, they believed, would bring successful culture to inferior people. In the late 19th century, for example, European powers clung to the racist belief that inferior races should be conquered in order to “civilize” them. The Europeans acted on their ethnocentrism, the belief that one race or nation is superior to others.
Political: Patriotism and growing imperial power spurred countries to compete with others for supremacy. It’s a matter of national pride, prestige and security. Empires sought strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. The empire must be defended and, better yet, expanded. Political motives were often triggered as responses to perceived threats to the security or prestige of the imperial power or its citizens abroad.
Religious: During imperial expansion, religious people sometimes set out to convert new members of their religion and, thus, their empire. Christian missionaries from Europe, for example, established churches in conquered territories during the nineteenth century. In doing so, they also spread Western cultural values. Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation’s language through educational and religious interactions, although some missionaries helped to preserve indigenous languages. British missionaries led the charge to stop the slave trade in the nineteenth century, while others, such as French missionaries in Vietnam during the same time period, clamored for their country to take over a nation.
ANSWER EXPLAINED:
The reasons for the rise of Imperialism are :
(1) Human Nature:
According to Dr. Ashirwatham, imperialism in its Primitive form was the result of the hunting and looting tendency of human beings. In primitive age when a tribe went in search of a meadow, the other tribe used to capture that meadow by force. Powerful kings used to annex the states of weaker kings by force.
(2) Desire for conquests and power:
In ancient, middle and modem times there have been the tendency among the rulers to establish a vast empire. That is why vast empires rose and fell in ancient times in Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, India, Rome, Greece and China.
During middle Ages, the Turks and the Mughals and in modern age the English, French, the Russians, the Japanese, the Dutch, the Portuguese, the Germans and the Spanish people established vast empires. Prof. Schuman has rightly said that the rise of new imperialism was the result of the desire to capture power and to achieve victory.
(3) Place for additional population:
The population of Italy, Japan and Germany is more as compared to their areas. For this reason, the rulers of these countries have been searching for new colonies to settle their additional population and to provide the people with the means of livelihood before the First World War.
(4) Aggressive Nationalism:
The simple result of aggressive nationalism is imperialism. Hitler, Mussolini and the Japanese Prime Minister Tojo invaded other countries before the Second World War in order to enhance the prestige of their countries.
(5) Economic Necessities:
Economic needs also play an important role in the rise of modern imperialism. After industrial revolution capitalism gained power. The capitalists needed markets (colonies) for the procurement of raw material and to sell their finished goods. Therefore, the British, the Germans, the Italians and the French started establishing new colonies in Africa and Asia.
(6) Propaganda of Religion:
The imperialists have been of the view that their religion is the best. Therefore, they have been sending their missionaries to backward countries in order to propagate their religion and to make them civilized. In this way in the guise of religion, after establishing their area of influence, they used to establish their rule by aggression.
(7) Diplomatic and strategic reasons:
Many imperialist countries want to establish their empire because it helps them to gain influence in the diplomatic field. Sometimes certain nations are in need of places of strategic importance in other countries, and they establish their control over them.
For example, from strategic point of view, China needed Aksai Chin. Therefore, she took away this area from India by force. In the past the British had a control over Gibralter, Aden, Malta and Cyprus because from strategic point of view, these areas were very important.
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