Question

what were the reasons for spreading extremism in India​

Answer 1

numerous of reasons for the development of Extremism in India:

1. Lack of governance: Governance is mainly concerned the significant issue as that lack a long term strategic perspective. Priority of Government bodies is to focus on Industrialization and do not give much importance to people living in tribal areas. Tribal have been denied their constitutional rights and justice.

2. Socio-economic issues: When considering socio economic issues, education must be the prime involvement and this needs to be addressed with innovation. Once populace is literate and well educated in particular region, they will be able think logically and do not involve violent actions. Most of these people who are entering into the movement of extremism are lacking primary education, basic amenities and infrastructure facilities.

Economic discontent was a prevailing factor which led to the growth of the militant nationalism. Towards the end of the 19th century economic condition of the people became miserable due to unemployment and repressive financial measures of the Government.

In all over worlds, following causes can be observed for growth of extremism:
Political deprivation leading to hopelessness or a sense of powerlessness.
Long festering political disputes.
Lack of Education and poverty.
Ideological imperatives may lead to extremism.
Socio-economic inequities, unemployment, despair about the future.
Dishonest and self-serving dominant groups.
Foreign occupations.
Sense of victimhood amongst Muslims.
Renaissance of Islam phobia in Europe.
Types of Extremism:

Personal Extremism
Family Extremism
Institutional or Organizational Extremism
Group Extremism
Social or Cultural Extremism
National Extremism
International Extremism
Determinants of Extremism:
Extremism is just like epidemic ailment that spread its arms in various parts of world. There are three important determinants. First the extremism that those in power exhibit. They go in with tanks and bombs where persistent force backed diplomacy can work, seek to destroy what requires careful reconstruction, advance division and hate where understanding and bridging of differences is needed, and abandon the path of justice and fair play for pure partisanship. All this naturally promotes lethal and devastating extremism. Secondly, when political system is not credible and there is no reliable justice structure, political groups often frame their concerns and solutions in an extremist way. When a non-credible political system leads to the illegal imposition of the rule of a specific elite, party, ethnicity or institution over the 'rest', the response of the rest is often cast in extreme ethnic, religious, anti-elite or anti-institution character. Henceforth through overemphasis of their legitimate concerns, they construct a victimhood scenario. In countries where trustworthy political and legal systems do not exist, many would buy into victimhood framing. The causes of dissatisfaction may be plentiful. They could be political, cultural, sociological, economic and moral. Third determinant of extremism is perpetual discontent that develops frustration, irrationality and worry and a mind that will almost naturally take to radicalism. They have almost no stake in the dominant socio-political and cultural milieu. With lots of suffering, people choose path of the anarchistic, nihilistic or messianic route to worldly and heavenly deliverance.

Developmental issues associated with development and spread of extremism:
Natural Calamities: During the last decade of the 19th century, affliction of people was filled to the brim. Famine, plague, earthquake, war and repressions were let loose in the country. From 1896 to 1900 prolonged and catastrophic famines occurred throughout the length and breadth of the land in a bewildering succession. In 1896 bubonic plague broke out in Bombay and took a toll of millions of lives. These natural calamities were accompanied by the intensified exploitation and suppression by the Government. Such devastating conditions led to development of extremist.

Special Economic Zones:
Spread of extremism is a major issue for any country. Land acquisition for Special Economic Zones created chaos among tribal people and they come to street for protest. Large tracts of land are being acquired across the country. There is a loss of revenue in the form of taxes and it greatly impacts on agricultural production. Land is living resource for farmers and their life is dependent up on the land. Special Economic Zones needs a single huge block of land and government is now taking stern steps to acquire the land. Mediators are also generating trouble between government and farmers. Such situation is very disturbing for farmers and they lose huge money. Government compensation is also not justified as it is very low. Such factors enforce people to become violent and give rise to their extremist activities.