Question

What were the reasons for the decline of chola dynasty

Answer 1

While Raja Raja Chola II, was a capable ruler, a civil war broke out in the Pandya kingdom, and the Chola influence was further weakened there. It was more a revolt of the Pandya rulers against what they say as Chola dominance. Neverthless he still managed to keep large tracts of the Chola Empire under control. The Chola hold over the Pandyas was further weakened during the rule of Rajadhiraja Chola.

One of the reasons, was that though the Cholas had conquered most of the Pandyan territories, they allowed the latter to reign over their land. A bitter internal dispute between the Pandyan ruler Parakrama Pandyan and Kulasekaran, saw the latter attacking Maduria. Parakrama appealed to the Sri Lankan ruler Parakramabahu I for help, but Kulasekara killed Parakrama,and his family, occupied Madurai. However with the Sri Lankan ruler, deposing Kulasekara, he had to seek help from Rajadhiraja Chola. The Cholas beat back the Lankans and managed to secure the throne for Kulasekara. However when the Cholas led an expedition into Lanka and destroyed many places, Parakrambahu got into an alliance with Kulasekhara against the Cholas.Though they managed to defeat Kulasekara, the damage had been done, more and more feudatories were now breaking away from the Chola Empire, and internal revolts were the order of the day.

However while Kulothunga Chola III, managed to conquer vast tracts of territory and extend the empire, his later years were marked by defeats to the Pandyas, and decline began to set in rapidly. One main reason, was the practice of giving total freedom to the Pandya rulers to reign, inspite of defeating them. Earlier rulers like Rajendra Chola I and his father Raja Raja Chola I, not only subjugated the Pandyas, they ensured a Chola prince was placed on the throne there to oversee the affairs. This was reversed in the time of the later Cholas on the grounds of suzerainty, which in reality proved to be disastrous. The intervention of the Cholas in the Pandyan civil wars bought them no benefit either, and it only began to result in the rise of the Pandyan power. At the other end, the Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva began to expand his territory defeating the Telugu Cholas in 1216, and more territory was lost. To add to their woes, the Cholas themselves were wracked by a series of succession rivalries, palace disputes, that weakened the empire further.

The death blow to the Chola Empire was given by Maravarman Sundara Pandyan, who defeated Kulothunga Chola III, sacked Thanjavur, drove Rajaraja Chola III into exile. Kulothunga just about managed to hold on to the throne, with the help of his Hoysala ally Veera Ballala III. But the decline of the Chola empire was now inevitable, with the Pandyas breaking away, forming a new empire. The rule of Rajaraja Chola III, finally signaled the end of the Chola Empire.

Answer 2

Answer:

Static Electricity - Lesson 2 - Methods of Charging

Charging by Induction

Triboelectric Charging

Charging by Induction

Charging by Conduction

Grounding - the Removal of a Charge

The previous section of Lesson 2 discussed the process of charging an object by friction or rubbing. Friction charging is a very common method of charging an object. However, it is not the only process by which objects become charged. In this section of Lesson 2, the charging by induction method will be discussed. Induction charging is a method used to charge an object without actually touching the object to any other charged object. An understanding of charging by induction requires an understanding of the nature of a conductor and an understanding of the polarization process. If you are not already comfortable with these topics, you might want to familiarize yourself them prior to reading further.

Quick Links to Prerequisite Reading

Conductors and Insulators

Polarization

Charging a Two-Sphere System Using a Negatively Charged Object

One common demonstration performed in a physics classroom involves the induction charging of two metal spheres. The metal spheres are supported by insulating stands so that any charge acquired by the spheres cannot travel to the ground. The spheres are placed side by side (see diagram i. below) so as to form a two-sphere system. Being made of metal (a conductor), electrons are free to move between the spheres - from sphere A to sphere B and vice versa. If a rubber balloon is charged negatively (perhaps by rubbing it with animal fur) and brought near the spheres, electrons within the two-sphere system will be induced to move away from the balloon. This is simply the principle that like charges repel. Being charged negatively, the electrons are repelled by the negatively charged balloon

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