what were the reasons that led to the partition in Bengal in 1905? what were its effect??
Answers
Answer:
the growing popularity of the indian national congress aroused patriotic feelings in the indian youth . the British realised that they could not supress the movement any more.. they then thought of Divide and Rule policy . the people were however , aware that an attempt had been made to divide the people on Hindu-Muslim basis .when in 1905 the partition of bengal was announced , people all over the country opposed the decision...due to this the Swadeshi movement started in 1905 and continued till 1907. people used to boycott the British goods and products. means the main reason for this was the Divide and rule policy . hope i am correct according to your question
The first Partition of Bengal was a territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj in 1905. The partition separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas on 16 October 1905 after being announced on 19 July 1905 by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India. The partition of Bengal however was ephemeral and Lord Curzon's move was rescinded six years later.
The Hindus of West Bengal, complained the division would make them a minority in a province that would incorporate the province of Bihar and Orissa. Hindus were outraged at what they saw as a "divide and rule" policy (gaining and maintaining power by breaking up larger concentrations of power into pieces), even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency. The ultimate motive remains questionable, as in two letters dated 7 February and 6 December 1904, Herbert Risley, Lord Curzon's Home Secretary, wrote, "Bengal united is a force, Bengal divided will go in different ways. That the Partition Plan is opposed by the Congress is its merit for us. Our principal motive is to weaken a united party against the government." The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization along on communal lines. To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement's riots in protest against the policy and they began an angry agitation, featuring belief among Hindus that East Bengal would have its own courts and policies.
The partition triggered radical nationalism.
Bengali Hindus were upset with their minority status in the new province. They began an angry agitation freedom, featuring terrorism as younger members adopted the use bombingsngs, shootings and assassinations in a blend of religious and political feelings..Vande Mataram (meaning 'I bow to thee Mother'), praising the goddess who represented Bengal & Kali was a rallying cry. Bengal was interpreted as the goddess which had been victimized by the British. Although there were prominent Muslim speakers the Muslims were indifferent to the movement. The British would have been spared from many complications had they not split Bengal. With each case of suppression, assertive nationalism increased in Bengal. Indian nationalism would have been more liberal in the absence of this partition.
Nationalists all over India supported the Bengali cause and were shocked at the British disregard for opinion and ostensible divide and rule strategy. The protest spread to Bombay, Poona and Punjab. Lord Curzon had believed that the Congress was no longer an effective force but provided it with a cause to rally the public around and gain fresh strength from. The partition also caused embarrassment to the Indian National Congress. Gokhale had earlier met prominent British Liberals, hoping to obtain constitutional reforms for India. The radicalization of Indian nationalism because of the partition would drastically lower the chances for the reforms. However, Gokhale successfully steered the more moderate approach in a Congress meeting and gained support for continuing talks with the government. In 1906 Gokhale again went to London to hold talks with Morley about the potential constitutional reforms. While the anticipation of the liberal nationalists increased in 1906 so did tensions in India. The moderates were challenged by the Congress meeting in Calcutta, which was in the middle of the radicalised Bengal. The moderates countered this problem by bringing Dadabhai Naoroji to the meeting. He defended the moderates in the Calcutta session and thus the unity of the Congress was maintained. The 1907 Congress was to be held at Nagpur. The moderates were worried that the extremists would dominate the Nagpur session. The venue was shifted to the extremist free Surat. The resentful extremists flocked to the Surat meeting. There was an uproar and both factions held separate meetings. The extremists had Aurobindo and Tilak as leaders. They were isolated while the Congress was under the control of the moderates. The 1908 Congress Constitution formed the All-India Congress Committee, made up of elected members. Thronging the meetings would no longer work for the extremists.
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