What were the social, economic & political conditions in Russia before 1905?
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What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
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The Social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 was backward:
Social Conditions: 85% of Russia's population was agriculturist. The industries were there, but rarely they were privately owned. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. They mainly migrated to cities for employment in factories. The peasant community was deeply religious but did not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must be divided amongst themselves.
Economic Condition: Russia was going through a bad period economically. Prices of essential good rise while real wages decreased by 20% leading to the famous St. Petersburg strike. This strike started a series of events that are together known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and various professionals and workers established the Union of Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent assembly.
Political Condition: Political parties were illegal before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marx’s ideas. In 1903, this party was divided into two groups - Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, who were in majority, were led by Lenin who is regarded as the greatest thinker on socialism after Marx.
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ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏᴄɪᴀʟ, ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ɪɴ ʀᴜꜱꜱɪᴀ ʙᴇꜰᴏʀᴇ 1905 ᴡᴀꜱ ʙᴀᴄᴋᴡᴀʀᴅ:
ꜱᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴꜱ: 85% ᴏꜰ ʀᴜꜱꜱɪᴀ'ꜱ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴀɢʀɪᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀɪꜱᴛ. ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴᴅᴜꜱᴛʀɪᴇꜱ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ, ʙᴜᴛ ʀᴀʀᴇʟʏ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴘʀɪᴠᴀᴛᴇʟʏ ᴏᴡɴᴇᴅ. ᴡᴏʀᴋᴇʀꜱ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴀꜱɪꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴏᴄᴄᴜᴘᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴇᴀꜱᴀɴᴛ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴛʏ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴅᴇᴇᴘʟʏ ʀᴇʟɪɢɪᴏᴜꜱ ʙᴜᴛ ᴅɪᴅ ɴᴏᴛ ᴄᴀʀᴇ ᴍᴜᴄʜ ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏʙɪʟɪᴛʏ. ᴛʜᴇʏ ʙᴇʟɪᴇᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʟᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴜꜱᴛ ʙᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ᴀᴍᴏɴɢꜱᴛ ᴛʜᴇᴍꜱᴇʟᴠᴇꜱ.
ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴ: ʀᴜꜱꜱɪᴀ ᴡᴀꜱ ɢᴏɪɴɢ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴀ ʙᴀᴅ ᴘᴇʀɪᴏᴅ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴄᴀʟʟʏ. ᴘʀɪᴄᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴇꜱꜱᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ ɢᴏᴏᴅ ʀɪꜱᴇ ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ʀᴇᴀʟ ᴡᴀɢᴇꜱ ᴅᴇᴄʀᴇᴀꜱᴇᴅ ʙʏ 20% ʟᴇᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰᴀᴍᴏᴜꜱ ꜱᴛ. ᴘᴇᴛᴇʀꜱʙᴜʀɢ ꜱᴛʀɪᴋᴇ. ᴅᴜʀɪɴɢ ᴛʜɪꜱ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ꜱᴛʀɪᴋᴇꜱ ᴀʟʟ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʀʏ, ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀꜱɪᴛɪᴇꜱ ᴄʟᴏꜱᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴡɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴠᴀʀɪᴏᴜꜱ ᴘʀᴏꜰᴇꜱꜱɪᴏɴᴀʟꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴏʀᴋᴇʀꜱ ᴇꜱᴛᴀʙʟɪꜱʜᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ᴜɴɪᴏɴꜱ, ᴅᴇᴍᴀɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇꜱᴛᴀʙʟɪꜱʜᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴀ ᴄᴏɴꜱᴛɪᴛᴜᴇɴᴛ ᴀꜱꜱᴇᴍʙʟʏ.
ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴ: ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴇꜱ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ɪʟʟᴇɢᴀʟ ʙᴇꜰᴏʀᴇ 1914. ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴜꜱꜱɪᴀɴ ꜱᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴄʀᴀᴛɪᴄ ᴡᴏʀᴋᴇʀꜱ ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ᴡᴀꜱ ꜰᴏᴜɴᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴ 1898 ʙʏ ꜱᴏᴄɪᴀʟɪꜱᴛꜱ ᴡʜᴏ ʀᴇꜱᴘᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴀʀx’ꜱ ɪᴅᴇᴀꜱ. ɪɴ 1903, ᴛʜɪꜱ ᴘᴀʀᴛʏ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛᴡᴏ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘꜱ - ᴍᴇɴꜱʜᴇᴠɪᴋꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴏʟꜱʜᴇᴠɪᴋꜱ. ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴏʟꜱʜᴇᴠɪᴋꜱ, ᴡʜᴏ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ɪɴ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀɪᴛʏ, ᴡᴇʀᴇ ʟᴇᴅ ʙʏ ʟᴇɴɪɴ ᴡʜᴏ ɪꜱ ʀᴇɢᴀʀᴅᴇᴅ ᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴇᴀᴛᴇꜱᴛ ᴛʜɪɴᴋᴇʀ ᴏɴ ꜱᴏᴄɪᴀʟɪꜱᴍ ᴀꜰᴛᴇʀ ᴍᴀʀx.