what were the social economic and political condition in Russia before
Answers
Answer ✍️ GH
The Social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 was backward:
Social Conditions:
85% of Russia's population was agriculturist. The industries were there, but rarely they were privately owned. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. They mainly migrated to cities for employment in factories. The peasant community was deeply religious but did not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must be divided amongst themselves.
Economic Condition:
Russia was going through a bad period economically. Prices of essential good rise while real wages decreased by 20% leading to the famous St. Petersburg strike. This strike started a series of events that are together known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and various professionals and workers established the Union of Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent assembly.
Political Condition:
Political parties were illegal before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marx’s ideas. In 1903, this party was divided into two groups - Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, who were in majority, were led by Lenin who is regarded as the greatest thinker on socialism after Marx.
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Explanation:
(a) Social condition:
1. The society was divided into two classes-the privileged and the non-privileged.
2. The privileged class comprised of prosperous and influential people who held almost all the important offices of the state and most of the land was also under their control.
3. Most of the people were indulged in agriculture, and the peasants wanted the land to be distributed among themselves only.
(b) Economic condition:
1. Russia was facing an economic crisis at this time as the prices of necessity goods were decreased by 20% due to the St. Petersburg strike. This event has given rise to the 1905 revolution, and working class across Russia called for various strikes.
2. Unions were formed, and universities also shut down during this period.
(c) Political condition:
1. The Russian policy was feudal.
2. Vast tracts of land were held tax free by the clergy and the nobility who also monopolized the high posts in the army and administration.
3. Before 1914, the political parties were illegal in Russia. Labour Democratic Party was formed in 1903, which later divided into two groups namely The Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks.
4. The new middle class which was slowly emerging in Russia began to make strident demands for some representative government to be formed where access to high posts would be given by birth. The administration was also riddled with corruption and was inefficient.