Question

what were the social economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905

Answer 1

1. In the 19th Century most of the European countries underwent important social and economic changes but Russia was still lagging behind. The czars ruled as absolute Monarchs and the aristocracy was strictly feudal 2. The condition of the Russian pigeons were deplorable. On the other hand the nobility and the High clergymen enjoyed special privileges and rights. agriculture was dominated by a few rich landlords. Although serfdom was abolished in Russian 1861, the situation did not change. The methods and tools of farming did not improve. The farmer had to pay very high dues for small pieces of land and most of them were

2.Economic conditions in Russia before 1905 1.


1. the 1890 industrialisation in Russia began and developed at a fairly fast rate. The foreign capitalists invested large sums of money in different industries to amass huge profits. The foreign investors were more interested in earning profits then improving the condition of the workers. 2. Even the Russian industrialists exploited the workers and paid them extremely low wages. The workers had no political rights. The conditions of the workers in Russia were very miserable they were forced to lead a wretched life. Hence the worker were extremely unhappy and dissatisfied with the prevalent and conditions.

3. rule of Romanov czars who believe in the theory of divine right of the kings.czar Nicholas II was crowned in 1894. He was an inefficient and the conservative ruler. He was believed to be guided and influence by mystic Rasputin. 2. The condition of the workers and peasants Were deplorable. Famines were very common throughout the whole country. Many people in Russia were influenced by the developments in western Europe and consequently they demanded constitutional democracy however their demands were turned down. 3. In 1904 there was a war between Russia and Japan. Russia suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of small Asian country like Japan. This defeat of the Russian has displeased and angered the nennle


3. In 1904 there was a war between Russia and Japan. Russia suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of a small Asian country like Japan. This defeat of the Russian has displeased and angered the people. 4. Revolution broke out in January 1901 after which the Czar announced his manifesto in October in the same year. He Granted the freedom of speech, press and movement. He conferred the legislative powers to an elected body called Duma but in no time he re- established his own authority.


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Answer 2

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At the beginning of the 20th century about 85% of the Russia’s population was agriculturists.

Russia was a major exporter of grains. Industry was found in pockets only. Most industries

were run by the private industrialists. Because of wide spread corruption and exploitations,

sometimes workers did not get even the minimum wages and also there was no limit of working

hours. Russia was an autocracy and was ruled by the Tsar. The Tsar, especially Tsar Nicholas

II was a self-willed, corrupt, oppressive ruler. He ignored public welfare as a result of which

the conditions of the peasants and workers had also become very deplorable. The workers and

peasants both were divided. Peasants frequently refused to pay rent and even murdered

landlords. Being influenced by the democratic experiments by the Western European countries,

the Russians also demanded a responsible government but all their demands were turned down.

Consequently, even the moderate reformers began to talk of revolutions.

During the rule of Tsar Nicholas II the privileged had got special rights while the general public

including the workers and farmers had no say in the government. The situation had become so

explosive that even the liberals campaigned to end this state of affairs. The Russian Social

Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marx’s ideas. In

1903, this party was divided into two groups - Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks,

who were in majority, were led by Lenin who is regarded as the greatest thinker on socialism

after Marx.........