Question

What were the sources of income of the mediaeval rulers ? What did they do with those resources

Answer 1

Sources of income:

During Medieval period mainly comprise the rule of Mughal, Sultanate period and Maratha period. Revenue was generated from various kinds of tax such as the Zakat tax, the Jazia Tax, the Octroi Duty was the main source of the income. They introduce various taxes which is charged from the population of their kingdom. Some of the taxes are;

The khiraj or Land Revenue:

Land revenue was the principal source of the profit. It was commonly obtained at 1/5 of the net produce which was charged from peasants during the Sultanate period and also varies for different rulers.

The Jazia Tax:

This was the tax which was forced only on the Non-Muslims.

Chaut and Sardeshmukhi was the tax which was collected by Shivaji outside of his territory. Chaut was ¼ of the tax paid by Mughal Police. In extension to this Sardeshmuki was another ten percent tax which was levied on Mughals.

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