What were the two developments in the chola period that led to an increase in area under cultivation?
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Most of the achievements of the Cholas were possible via the new developments in Agriculture. River Kaveri branched off into several small channels before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. These channels overflow frequently, depositing fertile soil on their banks. Water from the channels also provides the necessary moisture for agriculture, particularly the cultivation of rice. Although agriculture had developed earlier in other parts of Tamil Nadu, it was only from the 5th or 6th century that this area was opened up for large-scale cultivation.
1. Forests had to be cleared in some regions, while the land had to be levelled in other areas.
2. In the delta, region embankments had to be built to prevent flooding and canals had to be constructed to carry water to the fields.
3. In many areas, two crops were grown in a year. In many cases, it was necessary to water crops artificially. A variety of methods were used for irrigation.
4. In some areas, wells were dug. In other places, huge tanks were constructed to collect rainwater.
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