what where the Empress of the decline of Mughal Empire
Answers
Decline of Mughal Empire
JAGIRDARI CRISIS - SHORTCUT
The Mughal officers were given jagirs in return for services rendered. With the scramble for profitable jagirs, there were very few jagirs left by the end of the 17th century. New officers had to be given jagirs too. Therefore, crown lands were converted to jagir lands. As a result, revenue decreased as did the power of the emperor.
WARS OF SUCCESSION - SHORTCUT
The Mughals did not have a law of 'primogeniture' i.e., a law, whereby, the first-born son would naturally inherit the throne. Hence, every time a king died, there was a war of succession among the contenders to the throne. After Aurangzeb's death, the last of the great Mughals, there followed a war of succession among his three sons. Consequently, a weakened leadership could not stem the rot of
corruption and resultant decline.
EMPTY TREASURY - SHORTCUT
Shah Jahan's zeal for construction had already depleted the treasury. Aurangzeb's long wars in the Deccan caused a further drain. Many zamindars, princely rulers stopped paying revenue to the empire. The continual and ever increasing demand of the peasants became unbearable and often they rose in revolt
The Mughal Empire, Mogul or Moghul Empire, was an early-modern empire in South Asia.[9] For some two centuries, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan plateau in South India.[10]
The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid- and Ottoman empires,[11] to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar, [12] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurengzeb,[13][14] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare,[15] [16][17] it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule, but rather equalized and placated them through new administrative practices,[18][19] and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule.[20] The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar.[21][22] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[23] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[24] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.[25]
The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion.[26] Burgeoning European presence in the Indian ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw- and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts.[27] There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite,[28] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan.[29] Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort and the Taj Mahal, which is described as, "The jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's