Question

What will be the short conclusion on Vedic period?

Answer 1

The Vedas are the largest and most ancient body of literature preserved by mankind. The extraordinary insight, imaginative splendour and poetic genius displayed by many Vedic hymns have long been noted. The Vedas possess an extraordinary amount of ancillary literature. This literature clearly aimed to preserve all the sciences the Vedic people possessed, in addition to the Vedas themselves. Thus Chhandas details the metrical forms used in the Vedas; Siksha deals with techniques to ensure authentic trannsmission from master to disciple; Kalpa deals with various Vedic rituals; Vyakaranas detail the grammar of both Vedic ands spoken language; Nighantus expound on the meaning of words; Niruktas analyse and significance and usage of the Vedic hymns, and expatiate and develop the linguistic and etymological background of various words; Anukramanis and Pratisakhyas detail and catalogue the various hymns, recensions, local variations of accents allowed; The Srauta and Grhya Sutras detail the numerous public and household rituals; the Sulba Sutras encapsulate geometric, mathematical and architectural principles; Ayurveda deals with medicine and surgery, while Jyautisha deals with the movement of planets and the measurement of time. 

No one who is even remotely familiar with this mass of traditional literature can but be impressed by its accuracy, variety, scientific character and apparent antiquity. Each important text has several commentaries, and then glosses on the commentaries and then further commentaries on the glosses penned by later authors! Authors of celebrated texts in each branch quote earlier authorities whose works are no longer available today; in many cases, the works available today are critical and comprehensive redactions of all earlier works on the subject. For example, Yaska’s Nirukta is a definitive redaction of all earlier Niruktas and should itself be over 3000 years old. Six major philosophical traditions (Sankhya and Yoga; Vaiseshika and Nyaya; Purva and Uttara Mimansa) have sprung out of Vedic tradition; it is noteworthy that two of these (Sankhya and Vaiseshika) accept no Godhead a creator of the universe.

 

The Vedas are the only major body of literature to be propagated purely through memory - this is why they are also known as smritis. Over the ages, elaborate schemes of memorisation and recitation such as the ratha and ghana4 were evolved to ensure extreme authenticity in oral transmission from master to disciple. Because of the use of such techniques, we can be certain that the versions available to us today have remained fairly unchanged over the millenia.

Answer 2

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