what will happen if acid react with a solution of soap and water?
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Answers
If you really mean “soap” and not some generic surfactant/detergent, then we’re talking about “saponified” (literally, “made into soap”) triglycerides.
The triglycerides in fat (usually animal fat) are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and a small amount of glycerol, and since it’s all caused by lye, a strong base, the actual product is fatty acid sodium salts, RC(=O)O − Na + .
When presented with a strong acid like HCl, we get:
RC(=O)O − Na + + HCl → RC(=O)OH + NaCl
The free fatty acid is very poorly soluble in water, so we get a gummy, scummy mess coming out of what is now a dilute salt solution. It’s not exactly the same thing that causes your everyday “soap scum”, which is calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids, but it’s pretty indistinguishable to the eye and the hand.