Question

what will happen if the earth Axis becomes vertical

Answer 1

Now imagine if the earth started rotating vertically instead, then, the first change to be noted would be, the climates and the day and night cycles. To make it more clear , picture it as below:As you can already deduce, half of the earth will be in a permanent night locked in cycle, and the other half in a permanent day. In other words, one side of earth will always be facing the sun.

There will no longer be any ice caps along the rotational axis poles. The night side of earth will become uninhabitable due to extreme low temperatures, the same, but opposite effect in the day side face with extreme high temperatures.

With both the sides becoming uninhabitable, life (as we know it) can evolve only in the narrow band between these two extremes. See pink box region shown below.We will still have the same cycles of seasons ranging over this narrow region. But each season will rapidly change. Instead of four seasons per year, we might end up with 8 or so.

Imagining a human civilization evolved in such a condition, can lead us to some interesting scenarios. With more than half of the narrow region covered in water, and the available land sparse, the whole economy will be based on how much land a person has. Agriculture will take precedence over everything else.

But, where as, nature might also produce some interesting species with extreme evolution taking place in the dayside and nightside. For eg, night side might evolve with creatures having infra red/sound/radio wave sensors. Day side might see creatures with huge humps to store water like the camels