What will happen when a single valency contain both positive and negative ions?
Answers
Answer:
electric repultion takes place
Explanation:
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Answer:
Atoms are comprised of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons carry a neutral charge and the electrons, a negative charge. The electrons form an outer ring around the nucleus of the atom. Positive and negative ions of certain elements can be created depending on the number of electrons in their structure.
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy breaks the bonds between the electrons and the protons in the atom. Certain metals and gases often have eight electrons in a ring around the nucleus of the atom. Elements with more or less than eight electrons have weaker or stronger bonds which ionization energy can affect.
Positive Ionization
Positive ionization occurs when a gas or metal loses an electron. For example, the element sodium has an atomic number of eleven, with 11 protons and 11 electrons. It has one electron present in its outer ring. This one electron does not have strong bonds compared with the other electrons in the atom. Therefore, ionization energy can pull this electron away from the atom, resulting in a loss of one negative charge, which creates a positive ion.
Negative Ionization
If an element pulls away an electron from another atom, it gains an electron, which is a negative charge. Therefore, the element becomes a negative ion. For example, the gas fluorine has seven electrons in its outer ring. If ionization energy pulls away an electron from another atom, it will complete its outer ring of eight electrons, but gain a negative charges.
The rightmost column of the Periodic Table of Elements lists the noble gases: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. All of these elements are gaseous at room temperature, colorless, odorless and unreactive with other elements. The noble gases share an electron configuration in which the outer, or valence, atomic orbitals are completely filled.
Electronic Configurations
The number of positively charged protons in the nucleus and a matching number of electrons orbiting around the nucleus identify each element. Quantum physics describes the most probable locations for the orbits. These locations form shells, subshells and atomic orbitals. The smallest atomic orbital, s, can hold two electrons. The next orbital, p, can hold up to six electrons. Helium, the lightest noble gas, has only two electrons, which fill its s orbital. All the remaining noble gases have outer shells in which the s and p orbitals are full. This constitutes the "octet rule" for noble gases; the valance (i.e., outermost) shell of each gas has two s electrons and six p electrons. When a valance shell is full, it will not exchange electrons with other elements, creating gases that are too "noble" to mix with other atoms.